Unified Theory Abstracts

Scientific Paper
Title	Unified Theory Abstracts
Read in full	Link to paper
Author(s)	Rati Ram Sharma
Keywords	Unified Theory, Relativity, Quantum Theory, Sharmon Medium, Cosminos
Published	2009
No. of pages	36

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Abstract

The Unified Theory (UT) (Upgraded & enlarged UNIFIED PHYSICAL THEORY, UPT) for the first time presents a single 'unified' alternative to the current theories of Relativity, Quantum, Quarks, Higgs, String, Supersymmetry, Electroweak theories, and goes beyond. The 'light-wave' exists in its propagating medium, the new real 'sharmon medium' (SM), as the 'basic substance', composed by the new particle 'sharmon' named after this author (Sharma). Sharmon is made of two basic elements, positive positrino and negative negatrino called 'cosminos' as they also compose all forms of mass (m), energy (E) and radiation in the Cosmos for their interconversions via. eqn. E= mc2. UT has only two elements (positrino, negatrino), two basic charges (mass, electric) and two fundamental forces (gravitational, electromagnetic). The space and time are mere abstract concepts evolving from our perceptions of successive motions & changes in the surroundings. Two abstracts cannot fuse into any concrete spacetime continuum that if existent would retard & prevent motions of heavenly bodies and even photon to propagate light through it, which is not actually observed. Therefore UT discards all multi-dimensional spacetime continua. The quarks theory with Supersymmetry has over 200 elementary particles none of which satisfies the definition of 'element' that composes others but is itself non-composite. In UT mass of a particle is its innate property. So it rejects massless and mass generating Higgs particles as flawed concepts. UT also rejects weak & colour charges; weak & strong forces and strings. Sharmon Medium explains bending of light due to gravity and results of Gravity Probes A & B. Constancy and invariance to source-observer motion of light velocity c (assumed but not explained by Special Relativity) as also observed variability of c (which invalidates Relativity) are explained. UT explains wave-quantum unity for radiation and matter, which Quantum Theory (QT) unrealistically splits into wave-or-quantum dualities. UT gives dynamic cosmino-sharmon compositions, free from the g and µ anomalies, of electron, proton & neutron. UT opposes QT's Uncertainty Principle, relativity's contraction of objective length due to observer motion, massless photon & neutrino. No Fermion is neutral.

Since redshifts do not increase exponentially with time, universe is NOT expanding. UT's Non-expanding Universe explains all observation, even on Ia type Supernovae. UT proposes new Principle of Null Action, molecular intelligence & molecular Homoeopathy, Science-Philosophy Symbiosis, new Intraspecies Evolution, showing descendance of man not from ape but man, &c.

Overview

This document is not a research paper in the ordinary sense. It is the front matter and the chapter-by-chapter abstract set of Rati Ram Sharma's 2008 book Unified Theory with Realistic Foundations of Science & Philosophy — the fifth and last in a sequence of books developing what Sharma calls the Unified Physical Theory (UPT), here upgraded and renamed simply the Unified Theory (UT). It reproduces the full table of contents of the 475-page volume, a biographical note, and a formal abstract for each of the eighteen chapters plus several appendices. As such it is best read as a map of a research programme rather than as a single argument, and it is the most compact statement of Sharma's system available.

The programme's organising claim is that all of modern physics has been built on a missing ingredient: a real, material, all-pervading substance in space. Sharma names it the sharmon medium, composed of a new particle, the sharmon, itself made of two elementary "cosminos" — the positively charged positrino and the negatively charged negatrino. From these two elements, two charges (mass and electric) and two long-range forces (gravitational and electromagnetic), the theory claims to reconstruct the content of Special Relativity, General Relativity, Quantum Theory, quantum electrodynamics, nuclear structure and cosmology, while discarding spacetime continua, quarks, the Higgs boson, the weak and colour charges, the strong and weak forces, strings, and the expansion of the universe. The departure from the mainstream account is therefore total rather than local: Sharma is not adjusting a parameter but proposing to replace the ontology.

The programme

Two elements, two charges, two forces

Chapter 1 sets the Unified Theory's "standard model" against the Modern Standard Model. Where the latter, with supersymmetry, carries by Sharma's count over 200 basic particles, four charges (mass, electric, weak, colour) and four forces, UT has two elementary cosminos, two charges and two forces. Sharma gives the cosmino a diameter of 1.6156×10⁻³³ cm, a mass of 2.596×10⁻⁴⁸ g and an electric charge of ±1.3729×10⁻³⁰ esu; the sharmon, being a positrino–negatrino pair, has mass 5.192×10⁻⁴⁸ g and spin 0 or 1. The medium they compose is assigned a full set of bulk properties: number density ~10¹⁵ sharmons per cm³, mass density 0.519×10⁻³³ g·cm⁻³, shear elasticity 4.6875×10⁻¹² dyne/cm², viscosity 0.65×10⁻²² dyne·s/cm², and an inter-sharmon spacing of ~10⁻⁵ cm which Sharma compares with the mean free path of a real gas (1.12×10⁻⁵ cm for hydrogen). Because the sharmon is ~10⁻³³ cm across it passes through interatomic spaces in the densest solid and between orbital electrons, so the medium is irremovable and an absolute vacuum cannot be created (chapters 4 and 6).

The definitional move underneath all of this is Sharma's insistence on the word "element": an element "composes other particles but is itself non-composite," and must carry a single charge, since "multiple charges imply that many constituents." Judged by that criterion, no member of the Modern Standard Model's particle zoo qualifies, and quarks and leptons — found, he argues, to be "compressible and assembleable" — are themselves composite. Chapter 9 accordingly unifies the cosmino's mass and electric charge into one primal charge and the gravitational and electromagnetic fields into a single "gravitoelectromagnetic" field, the two aspects of which are inseparable — which is offered as the reason electromagnetic and gravitational waves share the same velocity.

Against spacetime

Chapters 2 and 10 carry the anti-relativistic argument, and it is philosophical before it is physical. Space and time, Sharma holds, "do not have substance, hence are not real entities"; they are abstractions built up from our perception of successive motions and changes in surrounding objects. Two abstractions cannot fuse into a concrete continuum. Moreover, were a concrete spacetime continuum to exist, it would retard or prevent the motion of terrestrial and heavenly bodies through it — which is not observed. All continua of 4 to 32 dimensions are therefore "mathematical constructs bereft of any real physical existence."

Against the Lorentz transformations Sharma runs a specific objection: no real velocity can simultaneously vary with source–observer motion (as v does) and be invariant to it (as c is), so the formulae describe no natural motion, and length contraction and time dilatation derived from them are unreal. He adds a multiplicity argument he repeats several times: the actual length of an object viewed by a hundred differently moving observers cannot undergo a hundred different objective contractions at once. In place of relativity's postulate, the sharmon medium is said to explain both the constancy and observer-invariance of c and the observed variability of c — the latter, Sharma argues, invalidating relativity while remaining consistent with UT. Dayton Miller's positive interferometer results are cited as experimental support for the medium; the bending of light in a gravitational field and the outcomes of Gravity Probes A and B are claimed to be re-derived within it.

Wave-quantum unity

Chapters 7, 11 and 12 replace wave–particle duality with what Sharma calls wave-quantum UNITY. A 0-spin sharmon packet carrying the energy quantum per frequency cycle is propagated along a transverse electromagnetic wave contiguously via 1-spin sharmons which "do not physically move but provide a physical carrier"; each 1-spin sharmon returns to its 0-spin state after handing the quantum on to its neighbour. The conventional photon is thus never emitted, absorbed or propagated at all — the energised 1-spin sharmon replaces it. On this basis Sharma claims to re-explain the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and interference, and to re-deduce the Maxwell equations. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is rejected as violating conservation of energy and momentum and as licensing matter's "creation from, and dissolution into, nothing"; it is replaced by a new Principle of Null Action (chapter 16), in which action is an "evolute of sharmon" with h as its quantum and is conserved rather than extremised. Chapter 12 rejects both massless particles and point particles, and claims the hydrogen Lamb shift and the g and magnetic-moment anomalies of electron, proton and neutron follow from cosmino–sharmon structure.

Nucleons and the non-expanding universe

Chapter 13 gives cosmino–sharmon composition structures for the electron, proton and neutron defined by concentric regions and form factors, argues that no fermion can be neutral, and claims the neutron's electric dipole moment calculated from UT agrees with observation — the neutron emits an electron and never a positron because its outer region is negative, which Sharma sets against Hofstadter's positive outer region. The strong nuclear force is declared non-existent and replaced by a short-range force "mediated by Hook's law."

Chapter 14 carries the cosmology. Sharma's crucial test is that in a universe expanding as the Big Bang or steady-state theories require, cosmic redshifts should increase exponentially with time, which is not observed; hence the universe is not expanding. The redshift is instead attributed to depletion of photon energy over long passage through the sharmon medium by "non-Doppler effects of gravitational, electromagnetic & viscous losses" — a Tired Light mechanism given a material carrier. Total energy-mass is eternally conserved, with no initial creation of matter; the cosmic microwave background "follows naturally"; the Hubble constant is said to be predicted in agreement with observation; there is no antigravity permeating space; and Dark Matter and Dark Energy are related to the medium. Halton Arp's observations — ejection of galaxy companions, quantised redshifts, negative redshifts — are claimed to be explained.

Biology, medicine and philosophy

The last third of the programme leaves physics. Chapter 17 argues that homoeopathic dynamisation induces the chemical specificity of the solute into the diluent molecules via lone-pair electrons on the –OH oxygen of lactose, water or ethanol, so that high-potency medicines containing no molecule of the original drug act without violating Avogadro's law or the law of mass action; three new sciences (Inductive Chemistry, Xenobiology, Inductoxenopathy) and a combined therapeutics, Navayurveda, are proposed. Appendix 5 proposes a non-Darwinian intraspecies evolution governed by "gene inclusion" and "gene exclusion" principles, concluding that modern man descended from primitive man rather than from the ape. Chapter 18 makes the sharmon "a quantum of intelligent consciousness," unifying matter and mind as inseparable attributes of one entity, and identifies the conserved cosmic substance with a primordial "Megovum" and "Megamind," explicitly likened to the Brahm of Adwait philosophy.

Assessment

What is genuinely attractive here is the discipline of the starting demand. Sharma takes E = mc² literally and asks what would have to be true for energy and mass to interconvert: there must be some one substance that both are made of. That is a real question, and the answer he gives — a single micro-substance whose aggregates constitute both — is economical in a way the Standard Model is not. His criterion for "element" (non-composite, singly charged) is stated clearly enough to be argued with, and applying it consistently is what generates most of his negative results. The insistence that a wave requires a medium, and the refusal to treat mathematical constructs as physical objects, place him squarely in the Aether tradition, and unlike many in that tradition he commits to numbers: densities, viscosities, elasticities, particle sizes. A theory that names 0.519×10⁻³³ g·cm⁻³ for the medium is falsifiable in a way that a purely verbal aether is not.

The difficulties are correspondingly concrete. First, these are abstracts, so the derivations are invisible; but even at the level of claim, the great majority of the constants are asserted rather than shown to follow from anything. The cosmino's diameter, mass and charge, and the sharmon medium's number density and viscosity, are presented as results without any indication of what fixes them, and the inter-sharmon spacing of ~10⁻⁵ cm is defended only by an analogy to the mean free path of hydrogen gas — a comparison, not a derivation. Second, the anti-relativity argument leans on a conflation. The objection that a hundred observers cannot produce a hundred objective contractions of one length is only an objection if contraction is meant to be an intrinsic property of the object; in Special Relativity it is a relation between an object and a frame, and different frames assigning different values is what a relation does. Sharma does not engage that reading, he rules it out by definition. Third, the appeal to "observed variability of c" is used as decisive evidence, but the abstracts identify no measurement, no experiment and no magnitude — and the invariance of c is among the most tightly constrained quantities in physics.

The cosmology has a sharper problem. Sharma's stated crucial test — that redshifts "should increase exponentially with time" in an expanding universe and do not — does not correspond to any prediction the Big Bang model actually makes; the expansion history is fixed by the contents of the universe, and no exponential growth of redshift with time is required. More seriously, a photon-energy-depletion mechanism of the sort proposed conflicts with the measured (1+z) stretching of Type Ia supernova light curves: distant supernovae are observed to rise and fade more slowly in exact proportion to their redshift, which follows immediately if the light path is stretching but has no natural cause if the photons are merely losing energy en route. Sharma says the supernova observations are given "a plausible explanation," but the abstract does not say what it is, and this is precisely the observation his mechanism must answer. A viscous medium capable of degrading photon energy over gigaparsecs would also be expected to blur and scatter distant images, and the sharpness of high-redshift quasar and galaxy images is a standing constraint on any such proposal.

Finally, the scope of the programme is both its selling point and its weakness. A single framework that claims to settle particle physics, gravitation, cosmology, the mechanism of homoeopathy, the origin of species and the nature of consciousness has, by construction, given itself very little chance of being wrong about anything — the criterion Sharma applies so sharply to string theory ("it has never been tested") applies with some force to the later chapters of his own book. The physics and the metaphysics are also not separable here: the sharmon is asked to be simultaneously the carrier of light, the substance of mass, the mediator of chemical specificity and "a quantum of intelligent consciousness." Readers persuaded by the medium-based physics of chapters 1 to 14 are entitled to ask whether chapters 17 and 18 follow from it or are simply attached to it. On its own terms the physical programme is at least coherent and stated with unusual precision for aether work; what these abstracts cannot show — and the full book must — is whether the numbers are derived or chosen.

See also

• Rati Ram Sharma — the author
• Aether and Ether — the medium tradition this work belongs to
• Tired Light — the class of non-expansion redshift mechanisms
• Halton Arp — cited on quantised and anomalous redshifts
• Big Bang and Redshift — the cosmological claims contested
• Special Relativity, General Relativity and Relativity
• Quantum Theory and Wave-Particle Duality — replaced here by "wave-quantum unity"
• Standard Model — the particle physics rejected
• Dark Matter and Dark Energy