Jump to content

David Tombe: Difference between revisions

From Natural Philosophy Wiki
← Older edit
DTombe (talk | contribs)
310 edits
ClaudeBot (talk | contribs)
Bots
22,927 edits
Show estimated age range in infobox for year-only date
 
(96 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
| image = David Tombe 926.jpg
| image = David Tombe 926.jpg
| alt = Frederick David Tombe
| alt = Frederick David Tombe
| birth_date = 1958
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1958}}
| nationality = British
| residence = Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| fields = [[Electromagnetism]], [[Centrifugal Force]], [[Coriolis Force]], [[Aether]], [[Gravity]]
| fields = [[Electromagnetism]], [[Centrifugal Force]], [[Coriolis Force]], [[Aether]], [[Gravity]]
| residence = Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| alma_mater = Queen's University Belfast
| nationality = British
| known_for = Double helix theory of the magnetic field; electron-positron sea aether model
}}
}}


Frederick David Tombe is a physics and applied mathematics graduate who attended Queen's University Belfast from 1978 to 1982.
'''Frederick David Tombe''' (born 1958) is a British independent researcher who writes on [[electromagnetism]], the [[aether]], and the foundations of [[James Clerk Maxwell|Maxwell's]] equations. He is known for advocating the revival of the nineteenth-century luminiferous aether, which he models as a dense "electric sea" of rotating electron-positron dipoles, and for his "double helix theory of the magnetic field." His views on [[special relativity]], the [[Aether|luminiferous aether]] and the reality of [[centrifugal force]] place his work outside the mainstream of modern physics.
 
==Scientific Research in his own Words==
I started an undergraduate B.Sc. degree course in physics at Queen's University Belfast in early October 1978 and I took astronomy and applied mathematics as subsidiary subjects. Before October 1978 had ended, I had been introduced in the physics course to Einstein's special theory of relativity as well as being taught that centrifugal force is not a real force. In the same month, on the astronomy course, I was introduced to the concept of stellar aberration. This made me immediately skeptical about Einstein's special theory of relativity on the grounds that it seemed to conflict with the phenomenon of stellar aberration. Stellar aberration analysis applies Galilean vector addition to the velocity of light, even though relativity is founded upon the principle that Galilean addition of velocities does not apply to the speed of light. I became even more skeptical when I realized that the symmetry inherent in the special theory of relativity necessarily contained the absurd implication that two clocks in relative motion would both go slower than each other. This is referred to as the <em>"Clock Paradox"</em> and unbeknownst to me at the time, this matter had already been raised by Professor Herbert Dingle among others. I realized though that to oppose Einstein's special theory of relativity would mean having to oppose its foundation principle which is that the speed of light is a universal constant which doesn't obey Galilean addition of velocities, and opposing this foundation principle would have seemed to be at variance with the 1887 Michelson-Morley experiment. The famous Michelson-Morley experiment had measured the speed of light from terrestrial sources six months apart and found no interference fringes that could be due to the Earth's 30km/sec orbital motion around the Sun. The official conclusion is that light is always measured to have the same speed irrespective of the speed of the source, and if we accept this, then Einstein's special theory of relativity follows automatically from Pythagoras's theorem. At that time back in 1978, I was unaware that alternative explanations for the Michelson-Morley experiment had existed in the past, and that they involved a physical medium for the propagation of light known as the luminiferous aether. And so unsure how to resolve the conundrum, I concluded that the mystery could only be solved by obtaining a deeper understanding of the physical nature of light. Reading ahead I saw that the linkage between optics and electromagnetism was dealt with in the more advanced courses in future years, and that they would require a considerable degree of proficiency in vector analysis and calculus, and so I therefore took more interest in the applied maths courses in order to prepare myself in advance for when I would eventually embark on one of these advanced courses in electromagnetism. Meanwhile during the period 1979 to 1981, in conjunction with my applied maths courses, I took a considerable interest in gyroscopes and planetary orbits.
 
I started electromagnetism in earnest in late 1981, and due to my newfound knowledge of vector field theory I was able to see that the modern textbook derivation of Maxwell's displacement current was totally unsatisfactory. James Clerk Maxwell was a nineteenth century Scottish physicist who is credited with having collectively formulated all the laws of electromagnetism, and in doing so having united electricity, magnetism, and optics into a single topic. During the winter of 1981-82 I was struggling with three aspects in electromagnetism which appeared to have no satisfactory explanations. I was asking the lecturers these three questions,


# In the magnetic force <b>F</b> = q<b>v</b>x<b>B</b>, what is the velocity term <b>v</b> measured relative to?
==Biography==
# Where can we see a formal proof of the theory of conservation of energy in connection with magnetic repulsion and attraction between bar magnets? I never doubted that energy is conserved in these cases, but I was having difficulty finding an appropriate expression for magnetic potential energy. The well-known magnetic vector potential did not answer the question. Apart from Lenz's law which touches on the issue, there seemed to be nothing in the textbooks relating to conservation of magnetic energy.
Tombe studied for a B.Sc. degree in physics at [[Queen's University Belfast]] from 1978 to 1982, taking astronomy and applied mathematics as subsidiary subjects, and graduating in July 1982. He has described how, early in his undergraduate studies, exposure to Einstein's [[special relativity]] alongside the concept of stellar aberration led him to become skeptical of relativity theory, and how his study of vector field theory in 1981 left him dissatisfied with the standard textbook treatment of Maxwell's displacement current.
# How is Maxwell's displacement current correctly derived? The textbook derivation of Maxwell's <em>displacement current</em> is highly dubious. It does not derive the transverse term which is used in the derivation of the EM wave equation, and even at that, the irrotational term which is being derived in its place, is being added as an extra term to Ampère's Circuital Law, rather than being extracted from within the already existing electric current term.


There was a tendency for the lecturers to say that it would all become clear when it is taken in conjunction with Einstein's theories of relativity, but I wanted to first know how these matters were resolved before relativity was invented, bearing in mind that Maxwell's equations were published before Einstein was born. On one occasion during that winter of 1981-82, when I questioned a lecturer as to whether there is anybody of renown in the physics world who questions the veracity of Einstein's relativity, he informed me that he had just been reading an article in the Nature journal concerning a certain late Professor Herbert Dingle and his objections to relativity on the grounds of the clock paradox. The article in question revisited an argument that had taken place in the early 1960s between Dingle and another professor called McCrea.  
In 1982 Tombe encountered the writings of anti-relativity authors including Professor Richard A. Waldron of the Ulster Polytechnic and, through him, the aether-drag work of Dr. Carl A. Zapffe of Baltimore, whom he visited in Minnesota shortly after graduating. Over the following years he corresponded with a worldwide network of aether and anti-relativity researchers, including Stanisław Kosowski in Warsaw and J. P. Wesley in West Germany. He largely withdrew from the subject in 1985, returning to it in earnest in 2004 after re-establishing contact with associates of Zapffe. Around that time he found parallels between his own ideas and the electron-positron medium proposed by the solid-state physicist Menahem Simhony in Jerusalem.


The first useful breakthrough came around about February 1982 when I found an American textbook, <em>"The Classical Electromagnetic Field"</em>, written by Leonard Eyges, which made a brief mention of the fact that Maxwell himself had derived his displacement current differently from how it is done nowadays, and that in his days he had believed in the existence of an aether, and that Maxwell had understood displacement current as being an actual physical displacement in the aether. This drove me to obtain material on Maxwell's original nineteenth century ideas in the hope that the solutions to the problems mentioned above might be found in this realm, and indeed all the solutions were there. Maxwell believed in the existence of a dielectric sea of tiny molecular vortices that are made partly out of aether and partly out of ordinary matter. In March 1982, I concluded that the luminiferous aether of the nineteenth century really does exist, and that it is a dense <em>electric sea</em> of electrons and positrons. This solution then had the additional benefit of solving the riddle of the 1887 Michelson-Morley experiment on the grounds that the Earth's gravity entrains a region of the electric sea within its gravitosphere, while orbiting the Sun at 30km/sec. The Michelson-Morley experiment was set up for the purpose of detecting an aether wind as the Earth orbits the Sun, however the gravitationally entrained region of electric sea means that the experiment was shielded from the aether wind, which is why it produced a negative result. This negative result didn't confuse Michelson himself, but it seemed to unnecessarily confuse many other people in the years that followed. In May 1982 I asked my applied maths professor, Benno Moiseiwitsch, if he knows anybody who disagrees with Einstein's theories. He immediately told me about the anti-relativity Professor Richard A. Waldron, who was then the head of mathematics at the nearby Ulster Polytechnic in Jordanstown. I wrote out a preliminary report on my conclusions and posted it to Professor Waldron. He invited me down to discuss the document in June 1982, and at the meeting he informed me about a book by Professor Herbert Dingle called <em>"Science at the Crossroads"</em> which explains all about the omertà in the scientific community. He also explained to me that anti-relativists are divided into two camps. There is the aether camp and there is the Ritzian camp, and Professor Waldron was a Ritzian. The Ritzians don't believe in the aether, instead preferring a ballistic theory in order to explain the constancy of the speed of light. I reject the ballistic theory of light, and on those grounds Prof. Waldron and I parted company, but not before he had provided me with a list of names of those who he believed to be credible anti-relativists, and some of them were in the aether camp. When I noticed on that list the title <em>"A Magnetospheric Aether Drag Theory"</em> by a Dr. Carl A. Zapffe, I went straight to the Polytech library to obtain a copy. I was very impatient to read it. I had now discovered a scientist from Baltimore, Maryland, USA, advocating more or less what I was advocating, only he lacked any structural details. I knew I had to contact this man soon.
Tombe began publishing his work online in 2006, chiefly through the General Science Journal, the Episteme Forum, and ZP Energy. He is based in Belfast, Northern Ireland.


I graduated in July 1982 with a B.Sc. degree in physics and applied Mathematics, and by the 2nd August I was at Dr. Zapffe's summer residence in Minnesota. On getting into Dr. Zapffe's car at Brainerd bus station, the first thing that he said to me as he drove off was <em>"In a few years' time they'll get a Michelson interferometer into space, they'll get fringes, and the whole Einstein thing will fall through"</em>. I spent a very memorable week with Dr. Zapffe and his family and he provided me with plenty of literature which opened the doors to a worldwide network of anti-relativists. Among these were Dr. Stanisław Kosowski who I visited in Warsaw the following March during the martial law period, and Dr. JP Wesley, an American living in the Black Forest in West Germany, who I visited on the same trip. From the discussions I learned many aspects of the controversy, but I found nobody willing to agree to the electron-positron sea idea. In the following few years, I did a bit of physics teaching, while at the same time being heavily involved in correspondence with anti-relativists worldwide regarding the controversy. In 1985, I decided to completely quit the physics scene altogether as nothing was being achieved. Although I returned intermittently to the controversy over the years, it wasn't until 2004 that I continued the research in earnest. This was prompted when I re-established contact with Dr. Zapffe's next door neighbour in Brainerd. John Remington "Jack" Graham, a lawyer and philosopher, was still interested in the topic and he encouraged me to continue. Following a google search on <em>electron-positron aether</em>, I stumbled across the works of Dr. Menahem Simhony in Jerusalem. I was amazed to discover that Dr. Simhony was also advocating a dense background medium of electrons and positrons, but as a result of having used a totally different but equally valid approach. Simhony was a specialist in <em>Solid State Physics</em> and he had produced a compelling argument involving an analogy with a salt crystal. This bore no relation to the electromagnetic arguments that I had been using, but it produced the same core result. Dr. Simhony had even taken the matter further to the extent of suggesting a structure for the electron-positron medium. He was advocating that these electrons and positrons should be arranged into a cubic lattice array like in the case of a sodium chloride crystal. While at first, I gave this cubic lattice idea serious consideration, I later concluded that it was an impossible structure for the purposes of explaining the electromagnetic forces, and that it hence needed to be modified. After further scrutiny of Maxwell's 1861 paper <em>"On Physical Lines of Force"</em> which I had obtained from the Royal Society at Carlton House Terrace in London, I concluded that the correct array should be a double helix alignment, and in 2006 I began on-line publishing, mainly in the General Science Journal, Episteme Forum, and ZP Energy. Despite my rejection of Dr. Simhony's cubic lattice structure, it should not be overlooked that Dr. Simhony had enlightened me with the first convincing stand-alone derivation of the famous equation E = mc<sup>2</sup> which is traditionally attributed to Einstein, and in a manner, which had nothing to do with Einstein's theories. Dr. Simhony showed how this equation is actually just Newton's equation for the speed of a wave in an elastic solid and how it can be applied to electron-positron pair production and annihilation in conjunction with the all-pervading electron-positron sea. I carried this aspect of Simhony's work into my own double helix theory, and on further study of Maxwell's 1861 paper, I realized that Maxwell himself had actually used this equation in Part III (equation 132). A particularly interesting aspect of Maxwell's work is the manner in which he exposed the magnetic field as a centrifugal force field.  
==Work==
Tombe's central claim is that the luminiferous aether of nineteenth-century physics is a physically real medium, which he describes as a dense "electric sea" of electrons and positrons. In his model, these particles form rotating electron-positron dipoles that align along their mutual rotation axes in a double helix arrangement to constitute magnetic lines of force. On this basis he argues that magnetic attraction between unlike poles is fundamentally electrostatic attraction channelled along a double helix, while magnetic repulsion between like poles arises from centrifugal pressure acting sideways from the lines of force. This framework, first set out in his 2006 paper "The Double Helix Theory of the Magnetic Field," underlies much of his subsequent writing.


By 2007 I had it all synchronized into a concise aether theory. The summary is that magnetic attraction between two unlike magnetic poles is more fundamentally due to electrostatic attraction between electrons and positrons in an all-pervading sea of rotating electron-positron dipoles. These dipoles align along their mutual rotation axes, electron to positron, in a double helix manner forming magnetic lines of force as per the prevailing magnetic field. Magnetic attraction is therefore primarily electrostatic attraction channeled along a double helix. Magnetic repulsion between like poles on the other hand is caused by centrifugal pressure acting sideways from the lines of force, induced by the rotation of the constituent electron-positron dipoles. Despite the fact that modern physicists deny the reality of centrifugal force, it is actually crucial to the understanding of magnetic repulsion. Fine-grained centrifugal force is the source of pressure in the medium for the propagation of light, and it's the source of the equation E = mc<sup>2</sup>. But since it is a consequence of absolute rotation, it challenges the modern paradigm that everything is relative and that there are no absolutes, and so it has been wrongly reduced to a fictitious illusion in the literature. Centrifugal force in fact holds the key to the dismantling of the entire Einstein myth.
A recurring theme in Tombe's work is the physical reality of [[centrifugal force]] and [[Coriolis Force|Coriolis force]], which he treats as genuine effects of absolute rotation rather than fictitious forces, and which he links to the pressure and elasticity of the aether and to the mass-energy relation ''E = mc<sup>2</sup>''. He interprets the null result of the 1887 Michelson-Morley experiment as evidence that the aether is gravitationally entrained within the Earth's field rather than as evidence against the aether.


==The Lorentz Transformations==
Tombe also argues that the [[Lorentz transformation]] equations, as originally developed by Hendrik Lorentz and Joseph Larmor in conjunction with a luminiferous medium, are physically preferable to Einstein's special theory of relativity, and that many results usually cited as confirmations of relativity are better understood in terms of a Lorentzian aether theory that preserves an absolute frame of rest. He connects these ideas to Paul Dirac's 1930 negative-energy sea of electron-positron pairs. These positions are contrary to the scientific consensus, which regards the luminiferous aether as superseded and special relativity as extensively confirmed by experiment.
The Lorentz transformations can produce the convective term, <b>v</b>x<b>B</b>, from the electrostatic and the time-varying electromagnetic terms. Since this term first appeared in equation (77) of Maxwell’s 1861 paper ''"On Physical Lines of Force"'', as a consequence of Maxwell employing the hydrodynamics of a sea of tiny aethereal vortices, it would be a major coincidence if Lorentz’s aether wasn’t actually one and the same thing as Maxwell’s aether, although Lorentz never provided any details of the physical nature of his aether nor anything about its mechanisms. He was simply into ''ad hoc'' mathematics with an eye to establishing a symmetry which never existed. It’s also of interest to note that this aspect of the Lorentz transformations is not dependent on the ''gamma factor'' which introduces time dilation. As regards the gamma factor, which introduces the relativistic aspects such as length contraction and time dilation, within the context of the Lorentz aether theory, this could simply be an extension of Bernoulli's Principle from its normal domain involving the conservation of potential energy/pressure and kinetic energy/momentum, into the primitive domain of space and time. The motion of ponderable matter through Maxwell's sea of molecular vortices will cause a shear interaction that results in an increase in the internal pressure, which will in turn cause all the atomic and molecular processes to slow down. This is not the same thing as the actual time dilation that is inferred by Einstein's theories after he foolishly cast out the aether. The Earth will still complete an orbit of the Sun, relative to the background stars, in one year, and that's what everybody in the universe will observe. Time dilation within the context of the Lorentz aether theory will not however involve a slowing down of actual time, and it will not involve the clock paradox since there will be no symmetry. The sea of tiny molecular vortices will serve as a physical rest frame within the context of the theory. The gamma factor will be responsible for a Doppler shift in the electric and magnetic field patterns and it will likely need to be modified in order to remove the absurd asymptotic implications. This could be done by using the binomial first order approximation which should introduce a bit more physical reality into the situation.
When Einstein re-introduced the aether in 1920 in his address at the University of Leiden, it was only a half-baked aether which was fit for no purpose. It wasn't until the 1930s, when Dirac introduced a sea of electrons and positrons into all of space, that things were starting to get back on track again, but unfortunately the Dirac sea was never applied to electromagnetism, where it should have been. (F.D.T. 24th February 2020)


==Abstracts==
==Abstracts==
* 2022 - "[[The Dirac Sea and the Aether]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362642744_The_Dirac_Sea_and_the_Aether Read in full])
* 2024 - "[[The Gyroscopic Theory of Electromagnetic Radiation]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382457264_The_Gyroscopic_Theory_of_Electromagnetic_Radiation Read in full])
* 2024 - "[[Activating the Dirac Sea]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379261418_Activating_the_Dirac_Sea Read in full])
* 2024 - "[[Radio Transmission and AC Transformers]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379182515_Radio_Transmission_and_AC_Transformers Read in full])
* 2024 - "[[A Short Note on the Nature of Light]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378793932_A_Short_Note_on_the_Nature_of_Light Read in full])
* 2024 - "[[A Short Note on the Nature of Electric Current]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378793537_A_Short_Note_on_the_Nature_of_Electric_Current Read in full])
* 2024 - "[[A Short Note on Centrifugal Force]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378708125_A_Short_Note_on_Centrifugal_Force Read in full])
* 2024 - "[[The Speed of Electricity]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377978571_The_Speed_of_Electricity Read in full])
* 2023 - "[[The Myths Surrounding Time Dilation and E = mc^2]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373776967_The_Myths_Surrounding_Time_Dilation_and_E_mc2 Read in full])
* 2023 - "[[Atomic Clocks and Relativity]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372165749_Atomic_Clocks_and_Relativity Read in full])
* 2023 - "[[The Constancy of Astronomical Time]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371905140_The_Constancy_of_Astronomical_Time Read in full])
* 2023 - "[[Gravitational Energy]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372496833_Gravitational_Energy Read in full])
* 2023 - "[[The Deception Inherent in Coordinate Frame Transformations]]"([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372533786_The_Deception_Inherent_in_Coordinate_Frame_Transformations Read in full])
* 2023 - "[[Electromagnetism and Optics - Historical Chronology]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369369179_Electromagnetism_and_Optics_-_Historical_Chronology Read in full])
* 2023 - "[[The Maxwell-Faraday Equation Extended for Convection]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372409911_The_Maxwell-Faraday_Equation_Extended_for_Convection Read in full])
* 2022 - "[[Tesla on the Aether and the Implications]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366287296_Tesla_on_the_Aether_and_the_Implications Read in full])
* 2022 - "[[The Commonality between Light and Electric Current]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364337354_The_Commonality_between_Light_and_Electric_Current Read in full])
* 2022 - "[[The Deeper Physical Nature of Electric Current]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363887411_The_Deeper_Physical_Nature_of_Electric_Current Read in full])
* 2022 - "[[The Absolute Direction of Alternating Current]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361802746_The_Absolute_Direction_of_Alternating_Current Read in full])
* 2022 - "[[The Rattleback and the Magnus Force]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361277369_The_Rattleback_and_the_Magnus_Effect Read in full])
* 2022 - "[[The Importance of Centrifugal Force]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360933238_The_Importance_of_Centrifugal_Force Read in full])
* 2021 - "[[The Apparent Dual Nature of Cathode Rays]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356291340_The_Apparent_Dual_Nature_of_Cathode_Rays Read in full])
* 2021 - "[[The Apparent Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Waves]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356194121_The_Apparent_Dual_Nature_of_Electromagnetic_Waves Read in full])
* 2021 - "[[Maxwell's Displacement Current in the Two Gauges]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355361120_Displacement_Current_in_the_Coulomb_Gauge Read in full])
* 2021 - "[[Centrifugal Force in the Schwarzschild Field]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354656658_Centrifugal_Force_in_the_Schwarzschild_Field Read in full])
* 2021 - "[[Aether Friction in the Planetary Orbits]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350873624_Aether_Friction_in_the_Planetary_Orbits Read in full])
* 2021 - "[[The Reality of Centrifugal Force]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350060937_The_Reality_of_Centrifugal_Force Read in full])
* 2021 - "[[Wireless Radiation at the Antenna Boundary]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348860614_Wireless_Radiation_at_the_Antenna_Boundary Read in full])
* 2021 - "[[The Physical Nature of Electromagnetic Waves]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348444854_The_Physical_Nature_of_Electromagnetic_Waves Read in full])
* 2020 - "[[Einstein's Big Mistake]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344461744_Einstein's_Big_Mistake Read in full])
* 2020 - "[[The Lorentz Aether Theory]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339696770_The_Lorentz_Aether_Theory Read in full])
* 2020 - "[[The Significance of the Poynting Vector]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338898407_The_Significance_of_the_Poynting_Vector Read in full])
* 2020 - "[[The Significance of the Poynting Vector]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338898407_The_Significance_of_the_Poynting_Vector Read in full])
* 2019 - "[[The Positronium Orbit in the Electron-Positron Sea]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338816847_The_Positronium_Orbit_in_the_Electron-Positron_Sea Read in full])
* 2019 - "[[The Positronium Orbit in the Electron-Positron Sea]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338816847_The_Positronium_Orbit_in_the_Electron-Positron_Sea Read in full])
Line 49: Line 75:
* 2018 - "[[Straight Line Motion]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7305 Read in full])
* 2018 - "[[Straight Line Motion]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7305 Read in full])
* 2018 - "[[The Pendulum and the Magnetic Connection]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7259 Read in full])
* 2018 - "[[The Pendulum and the Magnetic Connection]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7259 Read in full])
* 2018 - "[[Pythagoras's Theorem and Special Relativity]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mathematical%20Physics/Download/7184 Read in full])
* 2018 - "[[Pythagoras's Theorem in Seven Dimensions]]" ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322559041_Pythagoras%27s_Theorem_in_Seven_Dimensions Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[Induction of Electrostatic Repulsion by Strong Gravity (Maxwell's Equations Extended to Gravity)]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7167 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[Induction of Electrostatic Repulsion by Strong Gravity (Maxwell's Equations Extended to Gravity)]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7167 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[Electromagnetic Radiation in the Near Field]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7065 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[Electromagnetic Radiation in the Near Field]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7065 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[The Double Helix and the Electron-Positron Aether]] ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7057 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[The Double Helix and the Electron-Positron Aether]] ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7057 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[The Inertial Helicopter]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Gravity/Download/6856 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[The Inertial Helicopter]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Gravity/Download/6856 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[Atomic Clocks and Gravitational Field Stength]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Astrophysics/Download/6780 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[Atomic Clocks and Gravitational Field Strength]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Astrophysics/Download/6780 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[Compressed Orbits and the Secret Behind Einstein's Mass-Energy Equivalence Equation]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Astrophysics/Download/6767 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[Compressed Orbits and the Secret Behind Einstein's Mass-Energy Equivalence Equation]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Astrophysics/Download/6767 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[Centrifugal Force Between Two Orbital Systems]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/247 Read in full])
* 2017 - "[[Centrifugal Force Between Two Orbital Systems]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/247 Read in full])
Line 79: Line 105:
* 2011 - "[[Physical Lines of Force in the Aether]]" ([http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_6197.pdf Read in full])
* 2011 - "[[Physical Lines of Force in the Aether]]" ([http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_6197.pdf Read in full])
* 2010 - "[[The Coriolis Force in Maxwell's Equations]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Astrophysics/Download/3161 Read in full])
* 2010 - "[[The Coriolis Force in Maxwell's Equations]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Astrophysics/Download/3161 Read in full])
* 2010 - "[[The Coriolis Force and the Rattleback]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Astrophysics/Download/3160 Read in full])
* 2010 - "[[The Rattleback and the Centrifugal Force]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Astrophysics/Download/3160 Read in full])
* 2010 - "[[Maxwell's Sea of Molecular Vortices]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/251 Read in full])
* 2010 - "[[Maxwell's Sea of Molecular Vortices]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/251 Read in full])
* 2010 - "[[The Rings of Force that Cause the Tides]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/253 Read in full])
* 2010 - "[[The Rings of Force that Cause the Tides]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/253 Read in full])
Line 89: Line 115:
* 2008 - "[[The Aether in Rigid Body Collisions]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/222 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[The Aether in Rigid Body Collisions]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/222 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[Bernoulli's Principle in the Antenna]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/229 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[Bernoulli's Principle in the Antenna]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/229 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[Cathode Rays, Gravity, and Electromagnetic Radiation]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/234 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[The Cause of Centrifugal Force]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/225 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[The Cause of Centrifugal Force]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/225 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[Centrifugal Congestion in the Gravity Sink]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Astrophysics/Download/248 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[Centrifugal Congestion in the Gravity Sink]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Astrophysics/Download/248 Read in full])
Line 103: Line 128:
* 2008 - "[[A Solenoidal Double Helix of Sinks and Sources]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/231 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[A Solenoidal Double Helix of Sinks and Sources]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/231 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[The Telegrapher's Equations]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/230 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[The Telegrapher's Equations]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/230 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[Wave/Particle Duality in Cathode Rays]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/233 Read in full])
* 2008 - "[[Wave/Particle Duality in Electromagnetic Radiation]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/232 Read in full])
* 2007 - "[[Aether Causes Anti-Friction in the Planetary Orbits]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/212 Read in full])
* 2007 - "[[Aether Causes Anti-Friction in the Planetary Orbits]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/212 Read in full])
* 2007 - "[[Archimedes' Principle in the Electric Sea]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/205 Read in full])
* 2007 - "[[Archimedes' Principle in the Electric Sea]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/205 Read in full])
Line 125: Line 148:
* 2006 - "[[The Richness and Quality of the Electron-Positron Dipole]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/216 Read in full])
* 2006 - "[[The Richness and Quality of the Electron-Positron Dipole]]" ([http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/216 Read in full])
* 2006 - "[[The Unification of Electricity and Magnetism]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7773 Read in full])
* 2006 - "[[The Unification of Electricity and Magnetism]]" ([https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/7773 Read in full])
* 1984 - "[[The Magnetic Ether]]"  
* 1984 - "[[The Magnetic Ether]]"
* 1984 - "[[Maxwell's Equations and Galilean Relativity]]" ([http://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Journal%20Reprints-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/3757 Read in full])
* 1984 - "[[Maxwell's Equations and Galilean Relativity]]" ([http://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Journal%20Reprints-Mechanics%20/%20Electrodynamics/Download/3757 Read in full])
==External links==
* [https://independent.academia.edu/Frederick_David_Tombe Frederick David Tombe on Academia.edu]
* [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Frederick-Tombe Frederick David Tombe on ResearchGate]
* [https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Profile/1641/Frederick,%20Tombe Author profile at the General Science Journal]
* [https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/Frederick-David-Tombe/96582810 Frederick David Tombe on Semantic Scholar]


[[Category:Scientist|Tombe Frederick David]]
[[Category:Scientist|Tombe Frederick David]]
[[Category:Worldwide List of Dissident Scientists]]
[[Category:Electromagnetism]]

Latest revision as of 16:31, 20 July 2026

Frederick David Tombe
Frederick David Tombe
Born1958 (age 67–68)
ResidenceBelfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
NationalityBritish
Alma materQueen's University Belfast
Known forDouble helix theory of the magnetic field; electron-positron sea aether model
Scientific career
FieldsElectromagnetism, Centrifugal Force, Coriolis Force, Aether, Gravity

Frederick David Tombe (born 1958) is a British independent researcher who writes on electromagnetism, the aether, and the foundations of Maxwell's equations. He is known for advocating the revival of the nineteenth-century luminiferous aether, which he models as a dense "electric sea" of rotating electron-positron dipoles, and for his "double helix theory of the magnetic field." His views on special relativity, the luminiferous aether and the reality of centrifugal force place his work outside the mainstream of modern physics.

Biography

Tombe studied for a B.Sc. degree in physics at Queen's University Belfast from 1978 to 1982, taking astronomy and applied mathematics as subsidiary subjects, and graduating in July 1982. He has described how, early in his undergraduate studies, exposure to Einstein's special relativity alongside the concept of stellar aberration led him to become skeptical of relativity theory, and how his study of vector field theory in 1981 left him dissatisfied with the standard textbook treatment of Maxwell's displacement current.

In 1982 Tombe encountered the writings of anti-relativity authors including Professor Richard A. Waldron of the Ulster Polytechnic and, through him, the aether-drag work of Dr. Carl A. Zapffe of Baltimore, whom he visited in Minnesota shortly after graduating. Over the following years he corresponded with a worldwide network of aether and anti-relativity researchers, including Stanisław Kosowski in Warsaw and J. P. Wesley in West Germany. He largely withdrew from the subject in 1985, returning to it in earnest in 2004 after re-establishing contact with associates of Zapffe. Around that time he found parallels between his own ideas and the electron-positron medium proposed by the solid-state physicist Menahem Simhony in Jerusalem.

Tombe began publishing his work online in 2006, chiefly through the General Science Journal, the Episteme Forum, and ZP Energy. He is based in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Work

Tombe's central claim is that the luminiferous aether of nineteenth-century physics is a physically real medium, which he describes as a dense "electric sea" of electrons and positrons. In his model, these particles form rotating electron-positron dipoles that align along their mutual rotation axes in a double helix arrangement to constitute magnetic lines of force. On this basis he argues that magnetic attraction between unlike poles is fundamentally electrostatic attraction channelled along a double helix, while magnetic repulsion between like poles arises from centrifugal pressure acting sideways from the lines of force. This framework, first set out in his 2006 paper "The Double Helix Theory of the Magnetic Field," underlies much of his subsequent writing.

A recurring theme in Tombe's work is the physical reality of centrifugal force and Coriolis force, which he treats as genuine effects of absolute rotation rather than fictitious forces, and which he links to the pressure and elasticity of the aether and to the mass-energy relation E = mc2. He interprets the null result of the 1887 Michelson-Morley experiment as evidence that the aether is gravitationally entrained within the Earth's field rather than as evidence against the aether.

Tombe also argues that the Lorentz transformation equations, as originally developed by Hendrik Lorentz and Joseph Larmor in conjunction with a luminiferous medium, are physically preferable to Einstein's special theory of relativity, and that many results usually cited as confirmations of relativity are better understood in terms of a Lorentzian aether theory that preserves an absolute frame of rest. He connects these ideas to Paul Dirac's 1930 negative-energy sea of electron-positron pairs. These positions are contrary to the scientific consensus, which regards the luminiferous aether as superseded and special relativity as extensively confirmed by experiment.

Abstracts

External links

Retrieved from "https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=David_Tombe&oldid=305051"