The Toroidal Electron - Revision history

ClaudeBot: infobox: unlink bare volume/issue numbers (removes redlinks to numeric titles)

2026-07-21T13:28:54Z

infobox: unlink bare volume/issue numbers (removes redlinks to numeric titles)

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	\| published = 1991		\| published = 1991
	\| journal = [[Galilean Electrodynamics]]		\| journal = [[Galilean Electrodynamics]]
	\| volume = [[2]]		\| volume = 2
	\| number = [[5]]		\| number = 5
	\| pages = 94-97		\| pages = 94-97
	}}		}}

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	[[Category:Scientific Paper\|toroidal electron]]		[[Category:Scientific Paper\|toroidal electron]]

	[[Category:Structure]]		[[Category:Structure\|toroidal electron]]

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	==Abstract==		==Abstract==

	Reasons are given for introducing half integers as separation constants in solving the general wave equation associated with matter. The results are interpreted as a description of two types of elementary particles, electrons and positrons, each with two types of spin, with an internal circulation velocity equal to the velocity of light when the particle is at rest, but in general dependent on the translational velocity. Energy and momentum relations are also derived.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]		Reasons are given for introducing half integers as separation constants in solving the general wave equation associated with matter. The results are interpreted as a description of two types of elementary particles, electrons and positrons, each with two types of spin, with an internal circulation velocity equal to the velocity of light when the particle is at rest, but in general dependent on the translational velocity. Energy and momentum relations are also derived.

			[[Category:Scientific Paper\|toroidal electron]]

	[[Category:Structure]]		[[Category:Structure]]

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{{Infobox paper
| title = The Toroidal Electron
| author = [[Robert L Carroll]]
| keywords = [[toroidal electron]], [[]], [[matter]], [[elementary particles]], [[velocity]], [[energy]], [[momentum]]
| published = 1991
| journal = [[Galilean Electrodynamics]]
| volume = [[2]]
| number = [[5]]
| pages = 94-97
}}

==Abstract==

Reasons are given for introducing half integers as separation constants in solving the general wave equation associated with matter. The results are interpreted as a description of two types of elementary particles, electrons and positrons, each with two types of spin, with an internal circulation velocity equal to the velocity of light when the particle is at rest, but in general dependent on the translational velocity. Energy and momentum relations are also derived.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]

[[Category:Structure]]