The Four Universal Motions in Physics - Revision history

ClaudeBot: Add to Category:Light

2026-07-20T13:41:14Z

Add to Category:Light

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:41, 20 July 2026
Line 192:		Line 192:
	[[Category:Gravity\|Four Universal Motions]]		[[Category:Gravity\|Four Universal Motions]]
	[[Category:Newtonian]]		[[Category:Newtonian]]

			[[Category:Light]]

ClaudeBot: Add Category:Newtonian

2026-07-20T05:55:07Z

Add Category:Newtonian

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:55, 20 July 2026
Line 191:		Line 191:
	[[Category:Theory & Models]]		[[Category:Theory & Models]]
	[[Category:Gravity\|Four Universal Motions]]		[[Category:Gravity\|Four Universal Motions]]
			[[Category:Newtonian]]

ClaudeBot: Link the new Dinu Effect article and credit the coinage

2026-07-20T05:14:32Z

Link the new Dinu Effect article and credit the coinage

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:14, 20 July 2026
Line 93:		Line 93:

	====The Dinu effect====		====The Dinu effect====
	The magnetic motion is inspired by the underwater experiments of the Romanian scientist [[Ionel Dinu]] — the authors call it the "Dinu effect." Two cylinders rotating under water are observed to attract or repel in a way that mirrors magnetic behaviour. (A video of the experiment is available on the [https://fourmotions.org/magnetic-motion/ source page].)		The magnetic motion is inspired by the underwater experiments of the Romanian scientist [[Ionel Dinu]] — the authors call it the [[Dinu Effect\|"Dinu effect"]], a name coined by [[David de Hilster]] in ''[[Principia Mathematica 2]]''. See [[Dinu Effect]] for the experiment, the fluid mechanism and Dinu's own interpretation. Two cylinders rotating under water are observed to attract or repel in a way that mirrors magnetic behaviour. (A video of the experiment is available on the [https://fourmotions.org/magnetic-motion/ source page].)

	''For the authors' fuller treatment, with these animations, see the source page: [https://fourmotions.org/magnetic-motion/ fourmotions.org — Magnetic Motion].''		''For the authors' fuller treatment, with these animations, see the source page: [https://fourmotions.org/magnetic-motion/ fourmotions.org — Magnetic Motion].''
Line 163:		Line 163:

	===Magnetism as circulation===		===Magnetism as circulation===
	Magnetic motion rests on the underwater experiments of [[Ionel Dinu]] — the '''"Dinu effect"''' — in which cylinders rotating in water attract when spun in opposite directions and repel when spun alike, reproducing magnetic behaviour with no magnet present. Dinu's own interpretation is that magnetism is vortex circulation in a liquid aether, with electrostatic and gravitational forces arising as '''Bjerknes forces'''; the de Hilsters adopt the observation while replacing the continuous fluid with orbiting particles.		Magnetic motion rests on the underwater experiments of [[Ionel Dinu]] — the '''[[Dinu Effect\|Dinu effect]]''' — in which cylinders rotating in water attract when spun in opposite directions and repel when spun alike, reproducing magnetic behaviour with no magnet present. Dinu's own interpretation is that magnetism is vortex circulation in a liquid aether, with electrostatic and gravitational forces arising as '''Bjerknes forces'''; the de Hilsters adopt the observation while replacing the continuous fluid with orbiting particles.

	===Other unified particle and wave models===		===Other unified particle and wave models===
Line 183:		Line 183:
	* [[David de Hilster]]		* [[David de Hilster]]
	* [[Univironmental determinism]] — the foundational principle		* [[Univironmental determinism]] — the foundational principle
	* [[~~Ionel~~ Dinu]] — the ~~underwater experiments~~ behind magnetic motion		* [[Dinu Effect]] — the experiment behind magnetic motion
			* [[Ionel Dinu]] — the experimenter
	* [[Push Gravity]] and [[Pushing Gravity]]		* [[Push Gravity]] and [[Pushing Gravity]]
	* [[Neomechanical Gravitation Theory]]		* [[Neomechanical Gravitation Theory]]

ClaudeBot: Add foundational principle (univironmental determinism) and Related work on this wiki: push-gravity lineage, Dinu effect, Energy Wave Theory contrast

2026-07-20T05:09:51Z

Add foundational principle (univironmental determinism) and Related work on this wiki: push-gravity lineage, Dinu effect, Energy Wave Theory contrast

@@ Line 141: / Line 141: @@
 ''For the authors' fuller treatment, with this animation, see the source page: [https://fourmotions.org/electric-motion/ fourmotions.org &mdash; Electric Motion].''
 ==Relationship to the Particle Model==
@@ Line 156: / Line 182: @@
 * [[Bob de Hilster|Robert de Hilster]]
 * [[David de Hilster]]
 [[Category:Theory & Models]]

ClaudeBot: Enlarge p5 embeds by 20px and fit sketch canvases (display:block, overflow hidden) to remove scrollbars

2026-07-18T00:50:37Z

Enlarge p5 embeds by 20px and fit sketch canvases (display:block, overflow hidden) to remove scrollbars

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:50, 17 July 2026
Line 18:		Line 18:
	Gravitic motion is the '''random motion''' of the fundamental particle, and in this model it is the most basic of the four motions — the one from which the others are built. Gravity is treated not as attraction across empty space but as a '''push''': space is filled with vast numbers of small, fast, similar bodies (called '''G1 particles''') travelling in straight lines in random directions, and their collisions with matter produce the effect we call gravity. It is a modern, particle-collision form of the "push" (or shadow) theory of gravitation — compare Fatio de Duillier and Georges-Louis Le Sage — developed by [[Robert de Hilster]] and [[David de Hilster]].		Gravitic motion is the '''random motion''' of the fundamental particle, and in this model it is the most basic of the four motions — the one from which the others are built. Gravity is treated not as attraction across empty space but as a '''push''': space is filled with vast numbers of small, fast, similar bodies (called '''G1 particles''') travelling in straight lines in random directions, and their collisions with matter produce the effect we call gravity. It is a modern, particle-collision form of the "push" (or shadow) theory of gravitation — compare Fatio de Duillier and Georges-Louis Le Sage — developed by [[Robert de Hilster]] and [[David de Hilster]].

	<p5 file="gravitic-random.html" width="~~800~~" height="~~300~~" />		<p5 file="gravitic-random.html" width="820" height="320" />
	<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''500 particles moving in random straight-line directions — the essence of gravitic motion.''</div>		<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''500 particles moving in random straight-line directions — the essence of gravitic motion.''</div>

Line 37:		Line 37:
	The live simulation below shows two large bodies (blue) struck by roughly 3,500 small particles moving in random directions. About half the particles pass through the bodies; the mutual shadowing causes the two bodies to accelerate toward each other.		The live simulation below shows two large bodies (blue) struck by roughly 3,500 small particles moving in random directions. About half the particles pass through the bodies; the mutual shadowing causes the two bodies to accelerate toward each other.

	<p5 file="gravitic-shadowing.html" width="~~720~~" height="~~400~~" />		<p5 file="gravitic-shadowing.html" width="740" height="420" />
	<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''The shadowing effect: two bodies pushed together by random particle impacts (a live collision model).''</div>		<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''The shadowing effect: two bodies pushed together by random particle impacts (a live collision model).''</div>

Line 47:		Line 47:
	The simulation below is the same collision model with a single large body: after an initial push to the right it continues moving, acted on only by random particle impacts, with no apparent slowdown.		The simulation below is the same collision model with a single large body: after an initial push to the right it continues moving, acted on only by random particle impacts, with no apparent slowdown.

	<p5 file="gravitic-inertia.html" width="~~720~~" height="~~400~~" />		<p5 file="gravitic-inertia.html" width="740" height="420" />
	<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Inertia: a single body continues in motion, sustained by random particle impacts.''</div>		<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Inertia: a single body continues in motion, sustained by random particle impacts.''</div>

Line 58:		Line 58:
	Magnetic motion is the '''orbiting (circular) motion''' of the fundamental particle. In this model, magnetic fields are made of the same G1 particles that make up gravity, light, and electricity; a magnetic field is simply G1 particles '''caught in orbits''' — around atomic nuclei, or in larger orbits reaching well beyond the atomic scale. Magnetic motion was described in 2006 by the Romanian scientist [[Ionel Dinu]].		Magnetic motion is the '''orbiting (circular) motion''' of the fundamental particle. In this model, magnetic fields are made of the same G1 particles that make up gravity, light, and electricity; a magnetic field is simply G1 particles '''caught in orbits''' — around atomic nuclei, or in larger orbits reaching well beyond the atomic scale. Magnetic motion was described in 2006 by the Romanian scientist [[Ionel Dinu]].

	<p5 file="magnetic-orbit.html" width="~~633~~" height="~~345~~" />		<p5 file="magnetic-orbit.html" width="653" height="365" />
	<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''G1 particles caught in orbit — an orbiting body constitutes a magnetic field.''</div>		<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''G1 particles caught in orbit — an orbiting body constitutes a magnetic field.''</div>

Line 77:		Line 77:
	Any orbiting body in a gravitic field is considered pure magnetic motion.		Any orbiting body in a gravitic field is considered pure magnetic motion.

	<p5 file="magnetic-pure.html" width="~~512~~" height="~~512~~" />		<p5 file="magnetic-pure.html" width="532" height="532" />
	<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Pure magnetic motion: an orbiting system.''</div>		<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Pure magnetic motion: an orbiting system.''</div>

Line 83:		Line 83:
	When two magnetic motions approach each other rotating in ''opposite'' directions, they reinforce one another and the two systems move together — producing attraction.		When two magnetic motions approach each other rotating in ''opposite'' directions, they reinforce one another and the two systems move together — producing attraction.

	<p5 file="magnetic-attraction.html" width="~~800~~" height="~~512~~" />		<p5 file="magnetic-attraction.html" width="820" height="532" />
	<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Opposite rotations reinforce and attract.''</div>		<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Opposite rotations reinforce and attract.''</div>

Line 89:		Line 89:
	When two magnetic motions rotating in the ''same'' direction come together, they create a disturbance that forces the flows apart — producing repulsion.		When two magnetic motions rotating in the ''same'' direction come together, they create a disturbance that forces the flows apart — producing repulsion.

	<p5 file="magnetic-repulsion.html" width="~~800~~" height="~~512~~" />		<p5 file="magnetic-repulsion.html" width="820" height="532" />
	<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Like rotations disturb one another and repel.''</div>		<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Like rotations disturb one another and repel.''</div>

Line 100:		Line 100:
	Luminic motion is the movement of '''groups of bodies travelling in the same direction at the same speed''' — what we commonly call light, or electromagnetic waves. Because the wave pattern is a property of ''how the particles move'' rather than of a wave in a medium, this motion is offered as a resolution of the '''[[wikipedia:Wave–particle duality\|wave–particle duality]]''' of light: light is a stream of particles whose grouped, repetitive motion gives it wavelength. The luminic wave was first postulated by [[Robert de Hilster]] in May 2015 and communicated to [[David de Hilster]] and others in June 2015; it was the idea that led the authors to the four universal motions.		Luminic motion is the movement of '''groups of bodies travelling in the same direction at the same speed''' — what we commonly call light, or electromagnetic waves. Because the wave pattern is a property of ''how the particles move'' rather than of a wave in a medium, this motion is offered as a resolution of the '''[[wikipedia:Wave–particle duality\|wave–particle duality]]''' of light: light is a stream of particles whose grouped, repetitive motion gives it wavelength. The luminic wave was first postulated by [[Robert de Hilster]] in May 2015 and communicated to [[David de Hilster]] and others in June 2015; it was the idea that led the authors to the four universal motions.

	<p5 file="luminic-wave.html" width="~~800~~" height="~~300~~" />		<p5 file="luminic-wave.html" width="820" height="320" />
	<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Groups of particles travelling together at the same speed — luminic motion (light as a wave of particles).''</div>		<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Groups of particles travelling together at the same speed — luminic motion (light as a wave of particles).''</div>

Line 116:		Line 116:
	The luminic wave was first postulated by [[Robert de Hilster]] in May 2015 and communicated to [[David de Hilster]] in June 2015. The visualization evolved from Robert's original drawing, through David's early sine-wave renderings, to fuller simulations — including the animation below of luminic waves in simulated three dimensions.		The luminic wave was first postulated by [[Robert de Hilster]] in May 2015 and communicated to [[David de Hilster]] in June 2015. The visualization evolved from Robert's original drawing, through David's early sine-wave renderings, to fuller simulations — including the animation below of luminic waves in simulated three dimensions.

	<p5 file="luminic-3d.html" width="~~800~~" height="~~300~~" />		<p5 file="luminic-3d.html" width="820" height="320" />
	<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Luminic waves rendered in simulated three dimensions.''</div>		<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Luminic waves rendered in simulated three dimensions.''</div>

Line 124:		Line 124:
	Electric motion is the '''directional flow''' of the fundamental particle along a gravitic path that is ''not'' an orbit. Rather than circling a single central mass, the particles are guided by ''many'' masses lined up in a structured path — a "gravitic tube" — such as the nuclei of copper atoms in a wire guiding electricity, or the molecules in air that guide a lightning strike. In this model the flowing particles carry '''no charge'''; electric current, magnetic fields, and electromagnetic waves are all the same G1 particles in different patterns of motion. Electric motion was described in 2015 by [[David de Hilster]].		Electric motion is the '''directional flow''' of the fundamental particle along a gravitic path that is ''not'' an orbit. Rather than circling a single central mass, the particles are guided by ''many'' masses lined up in a structured path — a "gravitic tube" — such as the nuclei of copper atoms in a wire guiding electricity, or the molecules in air that guide a lightning strike. In this model the flowing particles carry '''no charge'''; electric current, magnetic fields, and electromagnetic waves are all the same G1 particles in different patterns of motion. Electric motion was described in 2015 by [[David de Hilster]].

	<p5 file="electric-flow.html" width="~~800~~" height="~~200~~" />		<p5 file="electric-flow.html" width="820" height="220" />
	<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Bodies flowing along a gravitic tube (a non-orbital path) — electric motion.''</div>		<div style="font-size:90%; color:#555;">''Bodies flowing along a gravitic tube (a non-orbital path) — electric motion.''</div>

ClaudeBot: Enhance Electric Motion section from fourmotions.org (directional flow, gravitic tube, chargeless) + embed p5.js animation

2026-07-18T00:46:10Z

Enhance Electric Motion section from fourmotions.org (directional flow, gravitic tube, chargeless) + embed p5.js animation

@@ Line 122: / Line 122: @@
 ===Electric Motion===
-Electric motion is the '''directional flow''' of particles moving together in a single direction, and is associated with electricity.
+Electric motion is the '''directional flow''' of the fundamental particle along a gravitic path that is ''not'' an orbit. Rather than circling a single central mass, the particles are guided by ''many'' masses lined up in a structured path &mdash; a "gravitic tube" &mdash; such as the nuclei of copper atoms in a wire guiding electricity, or the molecules in air that guide a lightning strike. In this model the flowing particles carry '''no charge'''; electric current, magnetic fields, and electromagnetic waves are all the same G1 particles in different patterns of motion. Electric motion was described in 2015 by [[David de Hilster]].
 ==Relationship to the Particle Model==

ClaudeBot: Enhance Luminic Motion section from fourmotions.org (wave of particles, wave-particle duality, origin) + embed 2 p5.js animations

2026-07-18T00:45:19Z

Enhance Luminic Motion section from fourmotions.org (wave of particles, wave-particle duality, origin) + embed 2 p5.js animations

@@ Line 98: / Line 98: @@
 ===Luminic Motion===
-Luminic motion is the '''wave-like pattern''' produced by particles moving through space, and is associated with light. Because the wave pattern is a property of how the particles move rather than of a wave itself, this motion resolves the [[wikipedia:Wave–particle duality|wave-particle duality]] &mdash; light behaves as a particle whose repetitive motion gives it wavelength.
+Luminic motion is the movement of '''groups of bodies travelling in the same direction at the same speed''' &mdash; what we commonly call light, or electromagnetic waves. Because the wave pattern is a property of ''how the particles move'' rather than of a wave in a medium, this motion is offered as a resolution of the '''[[wikipedia:Wave–particle duality|wave–particle duality]]''' of light: light is a stream of particles whose grouped, repetitive motion gives it wavelength. The luminic wave was first postulated by [[Robert de Hilster]] in May 2015 and communicated to [[David de Hilster]] and others in June 2015; it was the idea that led the authors to the four universal motions.
 ===Electric Motion===

ClaudeBot: Enhance Magnetic Motion section from fourmotions.org (orbits, attraction/repulsion, second gravity, Dinu effect) + embed 4 p5.js animations

2026-07-18T00:44:30Z

Enhance Magnetic Motion section from fourmotions.org (orbits, attraction/repulsion, second gravity, Dinu effect) + embed 4 p5.js animations

@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 ===Magnetic Motion===
-Magnetic motion is a '''circular or orbiting motion''' of the particle. In this model, "same rotations repel, opposite rotations attract," providing a physical, visual explanation for magnetic attraction and repulsion in place of magnetic field lines.
+Magnetic motion is the '''orbiting (circular) motion''' of the fundamental particle. In this model, magnetic fields are made of the same G1 particles that make up gravity, light, and electricity; a magnetic field is simply G1 particles '''caught in orbits''' &mdash; around atomic nuclei, or in larger orbits reaching well beyond the atomic scale. Magnetic motion was described in 2006 by the Romanian scientist [[Ionel Dinu]].
 ===Luminic Motion===

ClaudeBot: Enhance Gravitic Motion section from fourmotions.org (definition, shadowing effect, inertia, two gravities) + embed 3 p5.js animations

2026-07-18T00:41:15Z

Enhance Gravitic Motion section from fourmotions.org (definition, shadowing effect, inertia, two gravities) + embed 3 p5.js animations

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 ===Gravitic Motion===
-Gravitic motion is the '''random motion''' of the particle and is considered the most fundamental motion in the universe. It is associated with gravity and forms the baseline state of motion from which the other three motions are derived.
+Gravitic motion is the '''random motion''' of the fundamental particle, and in this model it is the most basic of the four motions &mdash; the one from which the others are built. Gravity is treated not as attraction across empty space but as a '''push''': space is filled with vast numbers of small, fast, similar bodies (called '''G1 particles''') travelling in straight lines in random directions, and their collisions with matter produce the effect we call gravity. It is a modern, particle-collision form of the "push" (or shadow) theory of gravitation &mdash; compare Fatio de Duillier and Georges-Louis Le Sage &mdash; developed by [[Robert de Hilster]] and [[David de Hilster]].
 ===Magnetic Motion===

DeHilster: Created page with "{{Infobox theory | name = The Four Universal Motions in Physics | type = Newtonian, Particle | author = Robert de Hilster, David de Hilster | keywords = gravity, magnetism, light, electricity, particle, motion | year = 2024 | website = [https://fourmotions.org https://fourmotions.org] }} The '''Four Universal Motions in Physics''' is a model proposed by father-son t..."

2026-07-15T21:44:02Z

Created page with "{{Infobox theory | name = The Four Universal Motions in Physics | type = Newtonian, Particle | author = Robert de Hilster, David de Hilster | keywords = gravity, magnetism, light, electricity, particle, motion | year = 2024 | website = [https://fourmotions.org https://fourmotions.org] }} The '''Four Universal Motions in Physics''' is a model proposed by father-son t..."

New page

{{Infobox theory
| name = The Four Universal Motions in Physics
| type = [[Newtonian]], [[Particle]]
| author = [[Bob de Hilster|Robert de Hilster]], [[David de Hilster]]
| keywords = [[gravity]], [[magnetism]], [[light]], [[electricity]], [[particle]], [[motion]]
| year = 2024
| website = [https://fourmotions.org https://fourmotions.org]
}}

The '''Four Universal Motions in Physics''' is a model proposed by father-son team [[Bob de Hilster|Robert de Hilster]] and [[David de Hilster]] which holds that light, gravity, magnetism, and electricity are all the same particle traveling at the speed of light, and that the forces we observe are the result of the different ways that particle moves. The model asserts that "all forces in the universe can be described physically and visually by combining these four motions together." It is an extension of the [[Particle Model]] and is detailed in the book [[Principia Mathematica 2]]. Further information, videos, and papers are available at the theory's website, [https://fourmotions.org fourmotions.org].

==Overview==
Rather than treating the fundamental forces as separate phenomena governed by separate laws, the Four Universal Motions model proposes a single particle that produces every force through its pattern of movement. Four distinct motions — '''gravitic''', '''magnetic''', '''luminic''', and '''electric''' — account for the forces of gravity, magnetism, light, and electricity respectively. By combining these motions, the authors claim the model can describe all forces in the universe both physically and visually, without resorting to fields, wave-particle duality, or action at a distance.

==The Four Motions==

===Gravitic Motion===
Gravitic motion is the '''random motion''' of the particle and is considered the most fundamental motion in the universe. It is associated with gravity and forms the baseline state of motion from which the other three motions are derived.

===Magnetic Motion===
Magnetic motion is a '''circular or orbiting motion''' of the particle. In this model, "same rotations repel, opposite rotations attract," providing a physical, visual explanation for magnetic attraction and repulsion in place of magnetic field lines.

===Luminic Motion===
Luminic motion is the '''wave-like pattern''' produced by particles moving through space, and is associated with light. Because the wave pattern is a property of how the particles move rather than of a wave itself, this motion resolves the [[wikipedia:Wave–particle duality|wave-particle duality]] — light behaves as a particle whose repetitive motion gives it wavelength.

===Electric Motion===
Electric motion is the '''directional flow''' of particles moving together in a single direction, and is associated with electricity.

==Relationship to the Particle Model==
The Four Universal Motions build directly on the [[Particle Model]], which proposes that the entire universe and everything in it can be described as particles. Where the Particle Model establishes the particles themselves (such as the G1 and G2 particles), the Four Universal Motions describe how the movement of those particles gives rise to the four observable forces.

==Books==
* [[Principia Mathematica 2]] by [[Bob de Hilster|Robert de Hilster]] and [[David de Hilster]]

==Links==
* [https://fourmotions.org The Four Universal Motions in Physics — official website]
* [http://www.principiamathematica2.com Principia Mathematica 2]

==See also==
* [[Particle Model]]
* [[Bob de Hilster|Robert de Hilster]]
* [[David de Hilster]]

[[Category:Theory & Models]]