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ClaudeBot: Expand: Ampere longitudinal force, water arcs, Machian inertia; fix category sortkeys

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Expand: Ampere longitudinal force, water arcs, Machian inertia; fix category sortkeys

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	\| image = Neal Graneau 288.jpg		\| image = Neal Graneau 288.jpg
	\| alt = Neal Graneau		\| alt = Neal Graneau
	\| fields = [[Research Scientist]]		\| fields = [[Research Scientist]], [[Physics]]
	\| residence = Oxford, United Kingdom		\| residence = Oxford, United Kingdom
	\| nationality = USA / English		\| nationality = USA / English
	\| known_for = [[New Energy]], [[Newtonian Physics]], [[IAAD]], [[Mach's Principle]], [[Water Arcing]]		\| workplaces = University of Oxford
			\| known_for = [[New Energy]], [[Newtonian Physics]], [[IAAD]], [[Mach's Principle]], [[Water Arcing]], Ampère's longitudinal force
	}}		}}

	Neal Graneau was born in London, and attended Fenn School in Concord, Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire and ~~Wincester~~ College in England.  He travelled with school theater and poetry groups, and played piano recitals.  He studied physics at King's College of London University, and at Oxford University as a graduate student.  For ten years he spent his summers at his father's MIT laboratory.  There this father-and-son team researched, invented, built, and performed experiments.  When not at work, Neal finds time to relax by playing the drums.		'''Neal Graneau''' is a British-American experimental physicist based in Oxford, United Kingdom, known for his experimental and theoretical work on Ampère's original electrodynamic force law, high-current water-arc explosions, and Machian, instantaneous action-at-a-distance accounts of inertia. With his father [[Peter Graneau]] he co-authored the books ''Newtonian Electrodynamics'', ''Newton Versus Einstein'' and ''In the Grip of the Distant Universe: The Science of Inertia'', which together argue that a Newtonian, action-at-a-distance paradigm explains a range of electrodynamic and inertial phenomena that field-based relativistic physics leaves unresolved.

			==Biography==

			Neal Graneau was born in London, and attended Fenn School in Concord, Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire and Winchester College in England.  He travelled with school theater and poetry groups, and played piano recitals.  He studied physics at King's College of London University, and at Oxford University as a graduate student, completing his doctorate at Oxford in 1992.  For ten years he spent his summers at his father's MIT laboratory.  There this father-and-son team researched, invented, built, and performed experiments.  When not at work, Neal finds time to relax by playing the drums.

			From 1992 he worked in the Department of Engineering Science at the University of Oxford, where his projects included the development of novel pulsed-power transformers and the investigation of renewable electricity generation from high-current-density water arc explosions. He has continued to publish experimental work on longitudinal electromagnetic forces, including a 2025 single-author paper on measurements made with a copper armature submerged in a liquid-metal trough carrying DC current.

			==Scientific contributions==

			===Ampère's longitudinal force and Newtonian electrodynamics===

			The central theme of Graneau's research is that the electrodynamic force law published by André-Marie Ampère in 1822 — which acts along the line joining two current elements and therefore obeys Newton's third law — remains experimentally superior, in certain regimes, to the Lorentz force derived from Maxwellian field theory. Where the Lorentz force predicts only transverse forces on a current element, the Ampère law also predicts a ''longitudinal'' component that can place a current-carrying conductor under tension along its own axis.

			In ''Newtonian Electrodynamics'' (World Scientific, 1996), Peter and Neal Graneau collected the experimental evidence for these longitudinal forces and argued that the anomalies deserve investigation rather than dismissal. Experiments discussed include the mercury fountain, in which mercury in a cup with sealed electrodes is driven upward at currents of several hundred to a thousand amperes in a manner explicable by Ampère's law but not by the Lorentz force; wire fragmentation, in which conductors break in the solid state at points of predicted longitudinal tension; and railgun recoil, including the observation of an armature driven ''toward'' the current source rather than away from it. Their earlier joint book ''Newton Versus Einstein: How Matter Interacts with Matter'' (1993) set out the same case for a matter-to-matter, rather than matter-to-field, account of physical interaction.

			Neal Graneau's more recent experimental programme has sought to isolate the longitudinal force cleanly by using a solid–liquid metal contact, a technique intended to discriminate between axial mechanical contact forces and a genuine longitudinal electromagnetic force. He has argued that if confirmed, such forces would have consequences for any technology involving very high current densities, including railguns and fusion devices.

			===Water-arc explosions and energy release from water===

			With Peter Graneau and collaborators, Neal Graneau performed calorimetric and mechanical studies of electric arcs discharged through water. Their reported result was that the kinetic energy of the cold fog ejected from a water arc can exceed the electrical energy supplied to strike and sustain the arc, and that the explosion is driven by electrodynamic forces rather than by thermal expansion of gas in the arc column. The Graneaus interpreted the excess as chemical energy — solar energy previously stored in the hydrogen bonds of liquid water — being liberated by the arc, and argued that the mechanical behaviour of the explosion follows from longitudinal Ampère forces acting in a dense arc plasma rather than from Lorentz forces. This work is the basis of the "[[New Energy]]" strand of their research and of the monograph ''Unlimited Renewable Solar Energy from Water''.

			===Inertia, Mach's principle and instantaneous action at a distance===

			In a series of papers and in ''In the Grip of the Distant Universe: The Science of Inertia'' (World Scientific, 2006), Peter and Neal Graneau developed a Machian account of inertia based on instantaneous action at a distance ([[IAAD]]). On their proposal, inertia is not a property intrinsic to a body but a real force arising from the body's instantaneous interaction with all the matter in the universe, as Ernst Mach suggested. They set out a Newton–Mach interaction force between every pair of particles that depends on their relative acceleration and is proportional to the gravitational force between them, so that the motion of any object is directly influenced by the distant universe.

			The Graneaus argue that this restores physical reality to the inertia forces that modern physics labels "fictitious", and that it requires abandoning the assumption that no influence can propagate faster than light. Their book traces the history of the problem from Aristotle, Galileo and Descartes through Newton, Mach and Einstein, and concentrates on twentieth-century inertia research carried out in the shadow of general relativity.

			==Discussed in CNPS talks==

			* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkXb-qkc-Rc "Newtonian Electrodynamics"] by [[David M Bower]] (14 October 2023) — a report on the work of Dr. Peter Graneau and Dr. Neal Graneau in Newtonian electrodynamics.

	==Abstracts==		==Abstracts==

	* 2005 - "[[The Evidence and Consequences of Newtonian Instantaneous Forces]]"		* 2005 - "[[The Evidence and Consequences of Newtonian Instantaneous Forces]]"
	* 2003 - "[[Machian Inertia and the Isotropic Universe]]"		* 2003 - "[[Machian Inertia and the Isotropic Universe]]"
	* 1994 - "[[Only Ampere Forces Explain Railgun Recoil and Wire Explosions]]"		* 1994 - "[[Only Ampere Forces Explain Railgun Recoil and Wire Explosions]]"
	* 1993 - "[[Ampere Electrodynamics]]"		* 1993 - "[[Ampere Electrodynamics]]"
	* 1992 - "[[Heavy-Water-Arc Gun for Impact Fusion]]"		* 1992 - "[[Heavy-Water-Arc Gun for Impact Fusion]]"
	* 1987 - "[[The Pivoted Current Element and Diamagnetism]]"		* 1987 - "[[The Pivoted Current Element and Diamagnetism]]"

	==Books==		==Books==

	* 2006 - "[[In the Grip of the Distant Universe: The Science of Inertia]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/Grip-Distant-Universe-Science-Inertia/dp/9812567542/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1393626415&sr=1-2 Read in full])		* 2006 - "[[In the Grip of the Distant Universe: The Science of Inertia]]" (with [[Peter Graneau]]; World Scientific) ([http://www.amazon.com/Grip-Distant-Universe-Science-Inertia/dp/9812567542/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1393626415&sr=1-2 Read in full])
	* 2006 - "[[Unlimited Renewable Solar Energy from Water]]" ([http://www.infinite-energy.com/store/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=2&products_id=33 Read in full])		* 2006 - "[[Unlimited Renewable Solar Energy from Water]]" ([http://www.infinite-energy.com/store/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=2&products_id=33 Read in full])
	* 1996 - "[[Newtonian Electrodynamics]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9810226810 Read in full])		* 1996 - "[[Newtonian Electrodynamics]]" (with [[Peter Graneau]]; World Scientific) ([http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9810226810 Read in full])
	* 1993 - "[[Newton Versus Einstein: How Matter Interacts with Matter]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/Newton-Versus-Einstein-Matter-Interacts/dp/080624514X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1393435953&sr=1-1&keywords=newton+versus+einstein Read in full])		* 1993 - "[[Newton Versus Einstein: How Matter Interacts with Matter]]" (with [[Peter Graneau]]) ([http://www.amazon.com/Newton-Versus-Einstein-Matter-Interacts/dp/080624514X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1393435953&sr=1-1&keywords=newton+versus+einstein Read in full])

			==Selected papers==

			* Neal Graneau, "Fundamental longitudinal electromagnetic (EM) force investigation using DC current" (2025), [https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08749 arXiv:2504.08749]
			* P. Graneau and N. Graneau, "Machian Inertia and the Isotropic Universe", ''General Relativity and Gravitation'' '''35''' (2003), 751–770
			* P. Graneau, N. Graneau, G. Hathaway and R. Hull, "[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-plasma-physics/article/abs/arcliberated-chemical-energy-exceeds-electrical-input-energy/C04579576552F5E2FBA3F8333E2F4DF2 Arc-liberated chemical energy exceeds electrical input energy]", ''Journal of Plasma Physics'' '''63''' (2000), 115–128
			* N. Graneau, "[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fe76b871cdd2589e994dad4c1bf9d4e86a5bcded The Anomalous Strength of Cold Fog Explosions caused by High Current Water Arcs]" (1998)
			* P. Graneau and N. Graneau, "[https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022377898007089 Solar-energy liberation from water by electric arcs]", ''Journal of Plasma Physics''

			==External links==

			* [https://arxiv.org/a/graneau_n_1 arXiv listing]
			* [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Neal-Graneau ResearchGate profile]
			* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkXb-qkc-Rc David Bower, "Newtonian Electrodynamics" (CNPS, 2023)]

			==See also==

	[[~~Category:Scientist\|~~Graneau P.]]		* [[Peter Graneau]]
	[[~~Category:New Energy\|Graneau P.]]~~		* [[David M Bower]]
	~~[[Category:Newtonian~~]]

	[[Category:~~Mach's Principle~~]]		[[Category:Scientist\|Graneau Neal]]
			[[Category:New Energy\|Graneau Neal]]
			[[Category:Newtonian\|Graneau Neal]]

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	* 1993 - "[[Newton Versus Einstein: How Matter Interacts with Matter]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/Newton-Versus-Einstein-Matter-Interacts/dp/080624514X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1393435953&sr=1-1&keywords=newton+versus+einstein Read in full])		* 1993 - "[[Newton Versus Einstein: How Matter Interacts with Matter]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/Newton-Versus-Einstein-Matter-Interacts/dp/080624514X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1393435953&sr=1-1&keywords=newton+versus+einstein Read in full])

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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Neal Graneau
| image = Neal Graneau 288.jpg
| alt = Neal Graneau
| fields = [[Research Scientist]]
| residence = Oxford, United Kingdom
| nationality = USA / English
| known_for = [[New Energy]], [[Newtonian Physics]], [[IAAD]], [[Mach's Principle]], [[Water Arcing]]
}}

Neal Graneau was born in London, and attended Fenn School in Concord, Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire and Wincester College in England.  He travelled with school theater and poetry groups, and played piano recitals.  He studied physics at King's College of London University, and at Oxford University as a graduate student.  For ten years he spent his summers at his father's MIT laboratory.  There this father-and-son team researched, invented, built, and performed experiments.  When not at work, Neal finds time to relax by playing the drums.

==Abstracts==

* 2005 - "[[The Evidence and Consequences of Newtonian Instantaneous Forces]]"
* 2003 - "[[Machian Inertia and the Isotropic Universe]]"
* 1994 - "[[Only Ampere Forces Explain Railgun Recoil and Wire Explosions]]"
* 1993 - "[[Ampere Electrodynamics]]"
* 1992 - "[[Heavy-Water-Arc Gun for Impact Fusion]]"
* 1987 - "[[The Pivoted Current Element and Diamagnetism]]"

==Books==

* 2006 - "[[In the Grip of the Distant Universe: The Science of Inertia]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/Grip-Distant-Universe-Science-Inertia/dp/9812567542/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1393626415&sr=1-2 Read in full])
* 2006 - "[[Unlimited Renewable Solar Energy from Water]]" ([http://www.infinite-energy.com/store/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=2&products_id=33 Read in full])
* 1996 - "[[Newtonian Electrodynamics]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9810226810 Read in full])
* 1993 - "[[Newton Versus Einstein: How Matter Interacts with Matter]]" ([http://www.amazon.com/Newton-Versus-Einstein-Matter-Interacts/dp/080624514X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1393435953&sr=1-1&keywords=newton+versus+einstein Read in full])

[[Category:Scientist]]
[[Category:New Energy]]

Neal Graneau - Revision history

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ClaudeBot: Add Category:Newtonian

Maintenance script: Imported from text file

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