Gerald Pollack - Revision history

ClaudeBot: Link the new Fourth phase of water topic article from infobox/lead/section, de-link generic red terms in infobox, and add a 'Reception in the natural philosophy community' section covering his EU2013 'Electrically Structured Water' talk

2026-07-20T19:28:07Z

Link the new Fourth phase of water topic article from infobox/lead/section, de-link generic red terms in infobox, and add a 'Reception in the natural philosophy community' section covering his EU2013 'Electrically Structured Water' talk

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 20 July 2026
Line 5:		Line 5:
	\| residence = Seattle, Washington, USA		\| residence = Seattle, Washington, USA
	\| nationality = USA		\| nationality = USA
	\| fields = [[Bioengineering]], [[Biophysics]], [[Water]]		\| fields = Bioengineering, Biophysics, Water science
	\| workplaces = University of Washington		\| workplaces = University of Washington
	\| known_for = [[Fourth phase of water]], [[Exclusion zone water]], ~~[[Water]]~~, ~~[[Structure]], [[Crystals]]~~		\| known_for = [[Fourth phase of water]], [[Exclusion zone water\|Exclusion zone (EZ) water]], ''WATER'' journal, Institute for Venture Science
	}}		}}

	'''Gerald H. Pollack''' is an American bioengineer and Professor of Bioengineering at the University of Washington, Seattle. He is best known for his claim that water possesses a '''fourth phase''' — an ordered, gel-like "exclusion zone" (EZ) state lying between solid and liquid — and for the wide-ranging consequences he draws from it for cell biology, energy and health. He is the founding Editor-in-Chief of the journal ''WATER: A Multidisciplinary Research Journal'', founder of the Annual Conference on the Physics, Chemistry and Biology of Water, and Executive Director of the Institute for Venture Science, which he established to fund high-risk research that challenges mainstream scientific consensus.		'''Gerald H. Pollack''' is an American bioengineer and Professor of Bioengineering at the University of Washington, Seattle. He is best known for his claim that water possesses a '''[[Fourth phase of water\|fourth phase]]''' — an ordered, gel-like "exclusion zone" (EZ) state lying between solid and liquid — and for the wide-ranging consequences he draws from it for cell biology, energy and health. He is the founding Editor-in-Chief of the journal ''WATER: A Multidisciplinary Research Journal'', founder of the Annual Conference on the Physics, Chemistry and Biology of Water, and Executive Director of the Institute for Venture Science, which he established to fund high-risk research that challenges mainstream scientific consensus.

	==Biography==		==Biography==
Line 64:		Line 64:

	===The fourth phase of water===		===The fourth phase of water===
			''Main article: '''[[Fourth phase of water]]'''''

	Pollack's central claim is that the textbook account of water — three phases, solid, liquid and vapour — is incomplete. Next to hydrophilic (water-loving) surfaces, his laboratory finds a zone of water, often hundreds of micrometres deep, from which colloidal particles and dissolved solutes are almost completely excluded. Because of this exclusion the region was named the '''exclusion zone''', or '''EZ'''. Pollack argues that the EZ is not merely a thin interfacial film of the kind conventional surface chemistry allows, but a distinct, ordered, semi-crystalline phase of water in its own right — hence "the fourth phase".		Pollack's central claim is that the textbook account of water — three phases, solid, liquid and vapour — is incomplete. Next to hydrophilic (water-loving) surfaces, his laboratory finds a zone of water, often hundreds of micrometres deep, from which colloidal particles and dissolved solutes are almost completely excluded. Because of this exclusion the region was named the '''exclusion zone''', or '''EZ'''. Pollack argues that the EZ is not merely a thin interfacial film of the kind conventional surface chemistry allows, but a distinct, ordered, semi-crystalline phase of water in its own right — hence "the fourth phase".
Line 84:		Line 85:

	Pollack's proposals sit outside the consensus of physical chemistry, which generally holds interfacial ordering in water to extend only a few molecular layers, and his account has been contested. He has consistently engaged that criticism in the open literature rather than around it, and much of his effort — the journal ''WATER'', the annual water conference, and the Institute for Venture Science — has gone into building the institutional space in which unorthodox but testable claims can be pursued and adjudicated at all. This concern with the sociology of scientific dissent, as much as the specific physics of water, is what makes his work of interest to the natural philosophy community.		Pollack's proposals sit outside the consensus of physical chemistry, which generally holds interfacial ordering in water to extend only a few molecular layers, and his account has been contested. He has consistently engaged that criticism in the open literature rather than around it, and much of his effort — the journal ''WATER'', the annual water conference, and the Institute for Venture Science — has gone into building the institutional space in which unorthodox but testable claims can be pursued and adjudicated at all. This concern with the sociology of scientific dissent, as much as the specific physics of water, is what makes his work of interest to the natural philosophy community.

			===Reception in the natural philosophy community===

			Pollack's work has been taken up with particular interest by the [[Electric Universe]] community, which reads the spontaneous charge separation of the exclusion zone as a demonstration that electrical structure arises unbidden in ordinary matter. He delivered a one-hour presentation, '''"Electrically Structured Water"''', at the '''EU2013''' conference on 5 January 2013, hosted by the Thunderbolts Project, sharing the programme with [[Wallace Thornhill]], [[David Talbott]] and others. He has since spoken in the [[John Chappell Natural Philosophy Society]] seminar series.

	===Journal and conference===		===Journal and conference===

ClaudeBot: Restructure + expand: EZ water, journal WATER; add CNPS talk; fix empty link label

2026-07-20T13:18:01Z

Restructure + expand: EZ water, journal WATER; add CNPS talk; fix empty link label

Show changes

ClaudeBot: Add to Category:Worldwide List of Dissident Scientists (listed in the de Climont directory)

2026-07-17T19:19:49Z

Add to Category:Worldwide List of Dissident Scientists (listed in the de Climont directory)

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:19, 17 July 2026
Line 52:		Line 52:

	[[Category:Scientist\|Pollack Gerald]]		[[Category:Scientist\|Pollack Gerald]]
			[[Category:Worldwide List of Dissident Scientists]]

Maintenance script: Imported from text file

2016-12-30T19:43:13Z

Imported from text file

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:43, 30 December 2016
Line 51:		Line 51:
	* 2012 - [http://youtu.be/eS4PkR_BkRo ] (Video Lecture)		* 2012 - [http://youtu.be/eS4PkR_BkRo ] (Video Lecture)

	[[Category:Scientist]]		[[Category:Scientist\|Pollack Gerald]]

Maintenance script: Imported from text file

2016-12-30T18:36:56Z

Imported from text file

New page

{{Infobox scientist
| name = Gerald Pollack
| image = Gerald Pollack 2057.jpg
| alt = Gerald Pollack
| fields = [[Professor of Bioengineering]]
| residence = WA, WA
| nationality = USA
| known_for = [[Water]], [[Structure]], [[Crystals]]
}}

(from [http://faculty.washington.edu/ghp/biosketch http://faculty.washington.edu/ghp/biosketch]) 

<div><br />'''Education'''</div> <div>'''<br />'''1961 Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (Now NYU) B.S.E.E., Electrical Eng.<br />1968 University of Pennsylvania Ph.D., Biomedical Eng.<br /><br />'''Professional Experience:'''</div> <div>'''<br />'''1968-73  Assistant Professor, Dept. Anesthesiology and Div. Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle<br />1973-77 Associate Professor, Anesthesiology & Bioengineering<br />1977-81 Professor, Anesthesiology & Bioengineering<br />1981- Professor of Bioengineering <div>'''<br />'''</div> <div>'''Honors and Awards:''' * Tau Beta Pi Kulka Award, 1961; Eta Kappa Nu Kulka Award, 1961
* Polytechnic Institute Merit Key; Engineering Honor Societies (Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi)
* Established Investigatorship, American Heart Association, 1974-79
* Who's Who in America; American Men and Women in Science; Who's Who in the World
* Board of Directors, Bioengineering Society, 1977-79;  Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Study Section, March, 1979, 1980
* Editorial Boards: J. Mol. & Cell Cardiol., 1975-80, Am. J. Physiol. (Heart and Circ Physiol), 1975-80; Circ. Research, 1982-1989; and Cell Biology International, 2005-  ; Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics, 2007-
* Honorary member, Romanian Muscle Society, 1992
* Excellence Award, Society for Technical Communication, 1992 (for book, Muscles & Molecules)
* Founding Fellow, American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, 1993
* Consultant, Whitaker Foundation, 1996-2006
* JSEM Scientific Paper Award, 1998
* Fellow, American Heart Association, 2001
* Inaugural Fellow, Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences, AHA, 2001
* Invited Scholar, Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, Paris, 2002
* Distinguished Lecturer Award, Biomedical Engineering Society, 2002
* International Scientist of the Year (IBC), 2002
* Honorary Doctorate, Ural State Unversity, Ekaterinburg Russia, 2002
* Distinguished Award, Society for Technical Communication (for book, Cells, Gels and the Engines of Life) , 2003
* Merit Award, International STC competition for book, above, 2003.
* Chair (joint, founding), Gordon Research Conference on ?Interfacial Water in Cell Biology? 2004.
* Honorary Professor, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2005
* Fellow, Biomedical Engineering Society, 2005
* National Science Board Task Force for Transformative Research, Advisor, 2005-2006
* Inaugural Chair, Annual Conference on the Physics, Chemistry, and Biology of Water, 2006; Chair, 2007, 2009
* University of Washington Annual Lectureship Award (selected among all University faculty) 2008.
* Founding Editor-in-Chief, WATER :A Multidisciplinary Research Journal
* NIH Transformative R01 Award, 2009.

</div> </div>

==Abstracts==

* 2012 - "[[Batteries Made from Water]]" ([http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_6705.pdf Read in full])
* 2011 - "[[The Secret Life of Water: E = H2O]]"
* 2009 - "[[Mechanism of Attraction between Like-charged Particles in Aqueous Solution]]"

==Media==

* 2012 - [http://youtu.be/eS4PkR_BkRo ] (Video Lecture)

[[Category:Scientist]]