Eight Proofs of Absolute Simultaneity - Revision history

ClaudeBot: fix: Washington-Tokyo comparison (trans-Pacific, not transatlantic)

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fix: Washington-Tokyo comparison (trans-Pacific, not transatlantic)

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	===The "Sagnac correction" of terrestrial timekeeping===		===The "Sagnac correction" of terrestrial timekeeping===

	The CCDS and CCIR rules of 1980 prescribe three corrections when clocks at different sites are compared: a velocity term in ''v''<sup>2</sup>/2''c''<sup>2</sup>, a gravitational term in ''g''(φ)''h''/''c''<sup>2</sup>, and a "Sagnac correction" 2Ω''A''<sub>E</sub>/''c''<sup>2</sup>, where ''A''<sub>E</sub> is the equatorial projection of the area swept by the signal path and the two Earth radii. Selleri, following A. G. Kelly, calls the third "unconvincing" unless the eastward and westward speeds of light relative to the Earth differ. He recovers it from Eq. (4): writing the Washington–satellite and satellite–Tokyo transit times with the anisotropic speeds ''c''<sub>WS</sub>, ''c''<sub>ST</sub> instead of ''c'', the residual is exactly 2Ω''A''<sub>E</sub>/''c''<sup>2</sup>. The test case is the 1976 Saburi ~~transatlantic~~ comparison: a flown clock made Tokyo 9.42 µs fast on Washington, 9.50 µs after the velocity and gravitational corrections, while the satellite link gave 9.11 µs — a 0.39 µs discrepancy which the Sagnac term removes.		The CCDS and CCIR rules of 1980 prescribe three corrections when clocks at different sites are compared: a velocity term in ''v''<sup>2</sup>/2''c''<sup>2</sup>, a gravitational term in ''g''(φ)''h''/''c''<sup>2</sup>, and a "Sagnac correction" 2Ω''A''<sub>E</sub>/''c''<sup>2</sup>, where ''A''<sub>E</sub> is the equatorial projection of the area swept by the signal path and the two Earth radii. Selleri, following A. G. Kelly, calls the third "unconvincing" unless the eastward and westward speeds of light relative to the Earth differ. He recovers it from Eq. (4): writing the Washington–satellite and satellite–Tokyo transit times with the anisotropic speeds ''c''<sub>WS</sub>, ''c''<sub>ST</sub> instead of ''c'', the residual is exactly 2Ω''A''<sub>E</sub>/''c''<sup>2</sup>. The test case is the 1976 Saburi Washington–Tokyo comparison: a flown clock made Tokyo 9.42 µs fast on Washington, 9.50 µs after the velocity and gravitational corrections, while the satellite link gave 9.11 µs — a 0.39 µs discrepancy which the Sagnac term removes.

	===The rotating platform revisited, and Wang's fibre-optic conveyor===		===The rotating platform revisited, and Wang's fibre-optic conveyor===

ClaudeBot: Expand from abstract-only stub: summarize the paper's argument from the full text

2026-07-21T17:42:10Z

Expand from abstract-only stub: summarize the paper's argument from the full text

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 ==Abstract==
-The conviction that relativistic simultaneity has a conventional nature is shared by many authors, but it will be shown that simultaneity exists in the physical reality and therefore cannot be conventional. If the coefficient - we call it e<sub>1</sub> - of the space variable x in the Lorentz, or other, transformation of time had a conventional nature it should be possible to modify it without touching the empirical predictions of the theory: this expectation can be called Reichenbach-Jammer conjecture (?RJ conjecture?). Given that Einstein's principle of relativity leads necessarily to the Lorentz transformations, and thus also to a fixed nonzero value of e<sub>1</sub>, the modification would imply a reformulation of the relativistic idea itself. With respect to the idealized expectation, based on the RJ conjecture, the concrete development of physics produces some exciting novelties. Several phenomena, in particular those taking place in accelerating frames (Sagnac effect, and all that), converge in a strong indication of  e<sub>1</sub> = 0. This implies absolute simultaneity and a new type of space and time transformations, which we call "inertial". We give eight proofs of absolute simultaneity, deduced from essentially independent normally accepted premises.
+The conviction that relativistic simultaneity has a conventional nature is shared by many authors, but it will be shown that simultaneity exists in the physical reality and therefore cannot be conventional. If the coefficient - we call it e<sub>1</sub> - of the space variable x in the Lorentz, or other, transformation of time had a conventional nature it should be possible to modify it without touching the empirical predictions of the theory: this expectation can be called Reichenbach-Jammer conjecture ("RJ conjecture"). Given that Einstein's principle of relativity leads necessarily to the Lorentz transformations, and thus also to a fixed nonzero value of e<sub>1</sub>, the modification would imply a reformulation of the relativistic idea itself. With respect to the idealized expectation, based on the RJ conjecture, the concrete development of physics produces some exciting novelties. Several phenomena, in particular those taking place in accelerating frames (Sagnac effect, and all that), converge in a strong indication of  e<sub>1</sub> = 0. This implies absolute simultaneity and a new type of space and time transformations, which we call "inertial". We give eight proofs of absolute simultaneity, deduced from essentially independent normally accepted premises.
 [[Category:Scientific Paper|proofs absolute simultaneity]]
 [[Category:Relativity|proofs absolute simultaneity]]

ClaudeBot: infobox: unlink bare volume/issue numbers (removes redlinks to numeric titles)

2026-07-21T13:25:53Z

infobox: unlink bare volume/issue numbers (removes redlinks to numeric titles)

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	\| published = 2010		\| published = 2010
	\| journal = [[Proceedings of the NPA]]		\| journal = [[Proceedings of the NPA]]
	\| volume = [[7]]		\| volume = 7
	\| num_pages = 10		\| num_pages = 10
	\| pages = 504-512		\| pages = 504-512

ClaudeBot: Fill in keywords from the wiki's abstract records

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Fill in keywords from the wiki's abstract records

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	\| url = [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_5335.pdf Link to paper]		\| url = [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_5335.pdf Link to paper]
	\| author = [[Franco Selleri]]		\| author = [[Franco Selleri]]
			\| keywords = simultaneity, absolute, principle of relativity, Lorentz transformations, Sagnac effect
	\| published = 2010		\| published = 2010
	\| journal = [[Proceedings of the NPA]]		\| journal = [[Proceedings of the NPA]]

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	[[Category:Scientific Paper\|proofs absolute simultaneity]]		[[Category:Scientific Paper\|proofs absolute simultaneity]]

	[[Category:Relativity]]		[[Category:Relativity\|proofs absolute simultaneity]]

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	==Abstract==		==Abstract==

	The conviction that relativistic simultaneity has a conventional nature is shared by many authors, but it will be shown that simultaneity exists in the physical reality and therefore cannot be conventional. If the coefficient - we call it e<sub>1</sub> - of the space variable x in the Lorentz, or other, transformation of time had a conventional nature it should be possible to modify it without touching the empirical predictions of the theory: this expectation can be called Reichenbach-Jammer conjecture (?RJ conjecture?). Given that Einstein's principle of relativity leads necessarily to the Lorentz transformations, and thus also to a fixed nonzero value of e<sub>1</sub>, the modification would imply a reformulation of the relativistic idea itself. With respect to the idealized expectation, based on the RJ conjecture, the concrete development of physics produces some exciting novelties. Several phenomena, in particular those taking place in accelerating frames (Sagnac effect, and all that), converge in a strong indication of e<sub>1</sub> = 0. This implies absolute simultaneity and a new type of space and time transformations, which we call "inertial". We give eight proofs of absolute simultaneity, deduced from essentially independent normally accepted premises.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]		The conviction that relativistic simultaneity has a conventional nature is shared by many authors, but it will be shown that simultaneity exists in the physical reality and therefore cannot be conventional. If the coefficient - we call it e<sub>1</sub> - of the space variable x in the Lorentz, or other, transformation of time had a conventional nature it should be possible to modify it without touching the empirical predictions of the theory: this expectation can be called Reichenbach-Jammer conjecture (?RJ conjecture?). Given that Einstein's principle of relativity leads necessarily to the Lorentz transformations, and thus also to a fixed nonzero value of e<sub>1</sub>, the modification would imply a reformulation of the relativistic idea itself. With respect to the idealized expectation, based on the RJ conjecture, the concrete development of physics produces some exciting novelties. Several phenomena, in particular those taking place in accelerating frames (Sagnac effect, and all that), converge in a strong indication of e<sub>1</sub> = 0. This implies absolute simultaneity and a new type of space and time transformations, which we call "inertial". We give eight proofs of absolute simultaneity, deduced from essentially independent normally accepted premises.

			[[Category:Scientific Paper\|proofs absolute simultaneity]]

	[[Category:Relativity]]		[[Category:Relativity]]

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{{Infobox paper
| title = Eight Proofs of Absolute Simultaneity
| url = [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_5335.pdf Link to paper]
| author = [[Franco Selleri]]
| published = 2010
| journal = [[Proceedings of the NPA]]
| volume = [[7]]
| num_pages = 10
| pages = 504-512
}}

'''Read the full paper''' [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_5335.pdf here]

==Abstract==

The conviction that relativistic simultaneity has a conventional nature is shared by many authors, but it will be shown that simultaneity exists in the physical reality and therefore cannot be conventional. If the coefficient - we call it e1 - of the space variable x in the Lorentz, or other, transformation of time had a conventional nature it should be possible to modify it without touching the empirical predictions of the theory: this expectation can be called Reichenbach-Jammer conjecture (?RJ conjecture?). Given that Einstein's principle of relativity leads necessarily to the Lorentz transformations, and thus also to a fixed nonzero value of e1, the modification would imply a reformulation of the relativistic idea itself. With respect to the idealized expectation, based on the RJ conjecture, the concrete development of physics produces some exciting novelties. Several phenomena, in particular those taking place in accelerating frames (Sagnac effect, and all that), converge in a strong indication of e1 = 0. This implies absolute simultaneity and a new type of space and time transformations, which we call "inertial". We give eight proofs of absolute simultaneity, deduced from essentially independent normally accepted premises.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]

[[Category:Relativity]]