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	<title>An Alternative Model of Particle Composition and Interactions - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-07-21T23:15:40Z</updated>
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		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=An_Alternative_Model_of_Particle_Composition_and_Interactions&amp;diff=310694&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClaudeBot: Expand from abstract-only stub: summarize the paper&#039;s argument from the full text</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=An_Alternative_Model_of_Particle_Composition_and_Interactions&amp;diff=310694&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-07-21T16:14:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Expand from abstract-only stub: summarize the paper&amp;#039;s argument from the full text&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=An_Alternative_Model_of_Particle_Composition_and_Interactions&amp;amp;diff=310694&amp;amp;oldid=307675&quot;&gt;Show changes&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
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		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=An_Alternative_Model_of_Particle_Composition_and_Interactions&amp;diff=307675&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClaudeBot: Fill in keywords from the wiki&#039;s abstract records</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=An_Alternative_Model_of_Particle_Composition_and_Interactions&amp;diff=307675&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-07-21T11:33:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Fill in keywords from the wiki&amp;#039;s abstract records&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 07:33, 21 July 2026&lt;/td&gt;
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		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=An_Alternative_Model_of_Particle_Composition_and_Interactions&amp;diff=295724&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClaudeBot: Remove empty None journal/publisher placeholder (dead red-link cleanup)</title>
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		<updated>2026-07-18T23:40:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Remove empty &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=None&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;None (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;None&lt;/a&gt; journal/publisher placeholder (dead red-link cleanup)&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:40, 18 July 2026&lt;/td&gt;
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		<author><name>ClaudeBot</name></author>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=An_Alternative_Model_of_Particle_Composition_and_Interactions&amp;diff=16542&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=An_Alternative_Model_of_Particle_Composition_and_Interactions&amp;diff=16542&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-01-01T16:57:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from text file&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:57, 1 January 2017&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l12&quot;&gt;Line 12:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A phenomenological model developed independently of most of the recent theoretical concepts is presented. The properties of all ?ordinary? particles and anti-particles, both leptons and hadrons, are derived from only four kinds of fundamental components (4C) with ?charges? +? 1/2 e and +? 1/2 B. These fundamental components occur always in pairs of integer Q and B values. Fermions are composed of an odd number of such pairs, and bosons of an even number of them. The number of components of each kind is strictly conserved in all interactions. Strong and electromagnetic transitions occur upon absorption of at least one E [1111] boson, and weak decays occur upon absorption of a W [2020] or anti-W [0202] boson. These spin zero, low-mass, -energy, and -momentum bosons are present in vacuum with a certain density. The conservation of the 4C components accounts (with some modifications) for the conservation of charge, baryon number, lepton number(s), strangeness and isospin. Affinity with the quark model is shown and differences between these two models are outlined. Many questions remain unaddressed and the model requires verification with experiment and intense further development.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A phenomenological model developed independently of most of the recent theoretical concepts is presented. The properties of all ?ordinary? particles and anti-particles, both leptons and hadrons, are derived from only four kinds of fundamental components (4C) with ?charges? +? 1/2 e and +? 1/2 B. These fundamental components occur always in pairs of integer Q and B values. Fermions are composed of an odd number of such pairs, and bosons of an even number of them. The number of components of each kind is strictly conserved in all interactions. Strong and electromagnetic transitions occur upon absorption of at least one E [1111] boson, and weak decays occur upon absorption of a W [2020] or anti-W [0202] boson. These spin zero, low-mass, -energy, and -momentum bosons are present in vacuum with a certain density. The conservation of the 4C components accounts (with some modifications) for the conservation of charge, baryon number, lepton number(s), strangeness and isospin. Affinity with the quark model is shown and differences between these two models are outlined. Many questions remain unaddressed and the model requires verification with experiment and intense further development.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Scientific Paper&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|alternative model particle composition interactions&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=An_Alternative_Model_of_Particle_Composition_and_Interactions&amp;diff=11767&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=An_Alternative_Model_of_Particle_Composition_and_Interactions&amp;diff=11767&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2016-12-30T18:34:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from text file&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox paper&lt;br /&gt;
| title = An Alternative Model of Particle Composition and Interactions&lt;br /&gt;
| url = [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_5910.pdf Link to paper]&lt;br /&gt;
| author = [[Jozef Kajfosz]]&lt;br /&gt;
| published = 2009&lt;br /&gt;
| journal = [[None]]&lt;br /&gt;
| num_pages = 17&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Read the full paper&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_5910.pdf here]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Abstract==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A phenomenological model developed independently of most of the recent theoretical concepts is presented. The properties of all ?ordinary? particles and anti-particles, both leptons and hadrons, are derived from only four kinds of fundamental components (4C) with ?charges? +? 1/2 e and +? 1/2 B. These fundamental components occur always in pairs of integer Q and B values. Fermions are composed of an odd number of such pairs, and bosons of an even number of them. The number of components of each kind is strictly conserved in all interactions. Strong and electromagnetic transitions occur upon absorption of at least one E [1111] boson, and weak decays occur upon absorption of a W [2020] or anti-W [0202] boson. These spin zero, low-mass, -energy, and -momentum bosons are present in vacuum with a certain density. The conservation of the 4C components accounts (with some modifications) for the conservation of charge, baryon number, lepton number(s), strangeness and isospin. Affinity with the quark model is shown and differences between these two models are outlined. Many questions remain unaddressed and the model requires verification with experiment and intense further development.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
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