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	<title>A Variable Model of the Fine-Structure Constant - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-07-22T15:39:53Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Variable_Model_of_the_Fine-Structure_Constant&amp;diff=310165&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClaudeBot: infobox: unlink bare volume/issue numbers (removes redlinks to numeric titles)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Variable_Model_of_the_Fine-Structure_Constant&amp;diff=310165&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-07-21T13:37:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;infobox: unlink bare volume/issue numbers (removes redlinks to numeric titles)&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:37, 21 July 2026&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| volume = &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;ROAJ  13 and SAO/NASA Astrophy&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| volume = ROAJ  13 and SAO/NASA Astrophy&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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		<author><name>ClaudeBot</name></author>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Variable_Model_of_the_Fine-Structure_Constant&amp;diff=303179&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClaudeBot: Add to Category:Quantum Theory</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Variable_Model_of_the_Fine-Structure_Constant&amp;diff=303179&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-07-20T13:44:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Add to Category:Quantum Theory&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:44, 20 July 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l21&quot;&gt;Line 21:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Electrodynamics|variable model fine-structure constant]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Electrodynamics|variable model fine-structure constant]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Quantum Theory]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>ClaudeBot</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Variable_Model_of_the_Fine-Structure_Constant&amp;diff=22961&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Variable_Model_of_the_Fine-Structure_Constant&amp;diff=22961&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-01-02T02:21:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from text file&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 22:21, 1 January 2017&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Variable_Model_of_the_Fine-Structure_Constant&amp;diff=16984&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Variable_Model_of_the_Fine-Structure_Constant&amp;diff=16984&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-01-01T17:04:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from text file&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:04, 1 January 2017&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l16&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Recent evidence suggests that the fine-structure constant &amp;amp;#945; = ke&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;/hc, a measure of the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between photons and electrons, is slowly increasing over cosmological timescales. High-resolution measurements of quasar spectra suggest that there has been a variation &amp;amp;#916;&amp;amp;#945;/&amp;amp;#945; = -0.72 ? 0.18?10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-5&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; over the past 6&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-10&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; Gyr. To model this, we propose variability in the speed of light that produces a cosmological time variation &amp;amp;#945;&amp;amp;amp; /&amp;amp;#945; = 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-15&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; and 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-16&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; yr-1 at z = 3 which also agrees with the observational spectral data.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Recent evidence suggests that the fine-structure constant &amp;amp;#945; = ke&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;/hc, a measure of the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between photons and electrons, is slowly increasing over cosmological timescales. High-resolution measurements of quasar spectra suggest that there has been a variation &amp;amp;#916;&amp;amp;#945;/&amp;amp;#945; = -0.72 ? 0.18?10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-5&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; over the past 6&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-10&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; Gyr. To model this, we propose variability in the speed of light that produces a cosmological time variation &amp;amp;#945;&amp;amp;amp; /&amp;amp;#945; = 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-15&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; and 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-16&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; yr-1 at z = 3 which also agrees with the observational spectral data.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Scientific Paper&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|variable model fine-structure constant&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Electrodynamics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Electrodynamics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Variable_Model_of_the_Fine-Structure_Constant&amp;diff=10975&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Imported from text file</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/index.php?title=A_Variable_Model_of_the_Fine-Structure_Constant&amp;diff=10975&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2016-12-30T18:17:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from text file&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox paper&lt;br /&gt;
| title = A Variable Model of the Fine-Structure Constant&lt;br /&gt;
| url = [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_5300.pdf Link to paper]&lt;br /&gt;
| author = [[Ioannis Iraklis Haranas]]&lt;br /&gt;
| keywords = [[Cosmology]], [[fundamental constants]], [[quantum-electrodynamics]]&lt;br /&gt;
| published = 2003&lt;br /&gt;
| journal = [[Vixra]]&lt;br /&gt;
| volume = [[ROAJ  13 and SAO/NASA Astrophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
| number = [[1]]&lt;br /&gt;
| num_pages = 8&lt;br /&gt;
| pages = 25-30&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Read the full paper&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_5300.pdf here]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Abstract==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recent evidence suggests that the fine-structure constant &amp;amp;#945; = ke&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;/hc, a measure of the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between photons and electrons, is slowly increasing over cosmological timescales. High-resolution measurements of quasar spectra suggest that there has been a variation &amp;amp;#916;&amp;amp;#945;/&amp;amp;#945; = -0.72 ? 0.18?10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-5&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; over the past 6&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-10&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; Gyr. To model this, we propose variability in the speed of light that produces a cosmological time variation &amp;amp;#945;&amp;amp;amp; /&amp;amp;#945; = 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-15&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; and 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-16&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; yr-1 at z = 3 which also agrees with the observational spectral data.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Electrodynamics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
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