A Conjectural Preon Theory and its Implications - Revision history

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	===Forces, gravity, time and space===		===Forces, gravity, time and space===

	Gravity is said to arise from resonances of the bonds between constituent neutrinos, with the neutrino itself mediating the resonance — that is, being the graviton. Because the photon is itself a neutrino bond, it is subject to gravity through its effective mass ''m'' = ''E''/''c''<sup>2</sup>, which Gerritsen offers as the cause of [[gravitational lensing]] and of black holes whose escape velocity exceeds ''c''. The curvature of the Einstein field equations is treated as the appearance produced by this direct action of gravity on light rather than as a geometric primitive. Neutrino bonds also set the fundamental dimensionality of space, their length being equated with the Planck length 1.616199×10<sup>−35</sup> m; time arises from changes in the differential relations between these dimensions, communicated by photons, so that where gravity slows light it slows time — recovering Einstein's 1911 expression for the gravitational potential dependence of ''c''.		Gravity is said to arise from resonances of the bonds between constituent neutrinos, with the neutrino itself mediating the resonance — that is, being the graviton. Because the photon is itself a neutrino bond, it is subject to gravity through its effective mass ''m'' = ''E''/''c''<sup>2</sup>, which Gerritsen offers as the cause of [[Gravitational Lensing\|gravitational lensing]] and of black holes whose escape velocity exceeds ''c''. The curvature of the Einstein field equations is treated as the appearance produced by this direct action of gravity on light rather than as a geometric primitive. Neutrino bonds also set the fundamental dimensionality of space, their length being equated with the Planck length 1.616199×10<sup>−35</sup> m; time arises from changes in the differential relations between these dimensions, communicated by photons, so that where gravity slows light it slows time — recovering Einstein's 1911 expression for the gravitational potential dependence of ''c''.

	Electromagnetism is attributed to an interference effect within the electron, taken to be a fermion (neutrino) bound to a boson (Z<sup>0</sup>). Weak interactions are reinterpreted: W<sup>±</sup> and Z<sup>0</sup> are not exchanged gauge bosons but structural units of bound states which are simply revealed when a composite decays — a neutron sheds its W<sup>−</sup>, which then decays to electron and antineutrino, with the proton retaining most of the mass. The strong interaction becomes the binding of three muons, defended by noting that the only three non-decaying fermions — neutrino, electron, proton — have υ#s of 1, 3 and 15, all three-body-like; the absence of a stable υ# 9 tri-electron is attributed to charge repulsion, and the proton is refined to an electron plus two positrons "buffered by the three neutral Z<sup>0</sup>s," with its alternative form <sup>0</sup>π<sup>+</sup>e<sup>+</sup><sup>0</sup>π<sup>−</sup> invoked to evade the exclusion problem. The residual nuclear force becomes a resonance between shared constituents, "analogous to van der Waals forces between the electromagnetic components of neutral atoms," or simple pion exchange in the alternative form. Only the photon remains as an exchanged gauge boson, replacing eight gluons.		Electromagnetism is attributed to an interference effect within the electron, taken to be a fermion (neutrino) bound to a boson (Z<sup>0</sup>). Weak interactions are reinterpreted: W<sup>±</sup> and Z<sup>0</sup> are not exchanged gauge bosons but structural units of bound states which are simply revealed when a composite decays — a neutron sheds its W<sup>−</sup>, which then decays to electron and antineutrino, with the proton retaining most of the mass. The strong interaction becomes the binding of three muons, defended by noting that the only three non-decaying fermions — neutrino, electron, proton — have υ#s of 1, 3 and 15, all three-body-like; the absence of a stable υ# 9 tri-electron is attributed to charge repulsion, and the proton is refined to an electron plus two positrons "buffered by the three neutral Z<sup>0</sup>s," with its alternative form <sup>0</sup>π<sup>+</sup>e<sup>+</sup><sup>0</sup>π<sup>−</sup> invoked to evade the exclusion problem. The residual nuclear force becomes a resonance between shared constituents, "analogous to van der Waals forces between the electromagnetic components of neutral atoms," or simple pion exchange in the alternative form. Only the photon remains as an exchanged gauge boson, replacing eight gluons.

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	[[Category:Electrodynamics\|conjectural preon theory implications]]		[[Category:Electrodynamics\|conjectural preon theory implications]]

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	\| keywords = [[Preons]], [[Neutrinos]], [[Gravity]], [[Time]], [[Dimensionality]], [[Mass]], [[Big Bang]], [[Electromagnetism]]		\| keywords = [[Preons]], [[Neutrinos]], [[Gravity]], [[Time]], [[Dimensionality]], [[Mass]], [[Big Bang]], [[Electromagnetism]]
	\| published = 2012		\| published = 2012
	~~\| journal = [[None]]~~
	\| num_pages = 21		\| num_pages = 21
	}}		}}

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	[[Category:Relativity]]		[[Category:Relativity\|conjectural preon theory implications]]
	[[Category:Unified Theory]]		[[Category:Unified Theory\|conjectural preon theory implications]]
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	[[Category:Electrodynamics]]		[[Category:Electrodynamics\|conjectural preon theory implications]]

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	==Abstract==		==Abstract==

	<em>A Conjectural Preon Theory and its Implications</em> begins with some key assumptions, that there is only one type of neutrino and that neutrinos form bound state composite particles to create the known loss mass fermions and bosons, which then form mesons and nucleons. Each particle is assigned a neutrino number and mathematical relations between these is explored. A quanta of mass is identified at around 70 MeV with variants according to spin and charge. A formula for deriving the mass of particles is then developed from this and applied, with good approximations (< 1%) achieved for the mass of known particles. The theory proposes that gravity arises from resonance of the neutrino bonds with the neutrino itself being the graviton. It further suggests the origin of time and dimensionality arises because of the neutrino bonds and changes in these in respect to each other, registering as changes in energy states communicated by photons. It suggests that photons are affected by gravity and that gravitational time dilation arises because of this, in effect the speed of light is affected by gravitational fields. The theory posits an explanation for the origin of electomagnestism, as constructive intereference in the electron as a bound state fermion-boson coupling. Furthermore the theory provides an explanation for the origin of mass and the mass-energy relationship. Finally it speculates on possible implications for the Big Bang and some other phenomena.[[Category:Scientific Paper]]		<em>A Conjectural Preon Theory and its Implications</em> begins with some key assumptions, that there is only one type of neutrino and that neutrinos form bound state composite particles to create the known loss mass fermions and bosons, which then form mesons and nucleons. Each particle is assigned a neutrino number and mathematical relations between these is explored. A quanta of mass is identified at around 70 MeV with variants according to spin and charge. A formula for deriving the mass of particles is then developed from this and applied, with good approximations (< 1%) achieved for the mass of known particles. The theory proposes that gravity arises from resonance of the neutrino bonds with the neutrino itself being the graviton. It further suggests the origin of time and dimensionality arises because of the neutrino bonds and changes in these in respect to each other, registering as changes in energy states communicated by photons. It suggests that photons are affected by gravity and that gravitational time dilation arises because of this, in effect the speed of light is affected by gravitational fields. The theory posits an explanation for the origin of electomagnestism, as constructive intereference in the electron as a bound state fermion-boson coupling. Furthermore the theory provides an explanation for the origin of mass and the mass-energy relationship. Finally it speculates on possible implications for the Big Bang and some other phenomena.

			[[Category:Scientific Paper\|conjectural preon theory implications]]

	[[Category:Gravity]]		[[Category:Gravity]]