View source for Laws of Classical Mechanics

{{Infobox paper
| title = Laws of Classical Mechanics
| url = [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_1801.pdf Link to paper]
| author = [[Philipp M Kanarev]]
| keywords = [[kinetic moment]]
| published = 2009
| num_pages = 15
}}

'''Read the full paper''' [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_1801.pdf here]

==Abstract==

The law of preservation of the kinetic moment (the moment of a pulse), the manager of a constancy of a constant of Planck, - the base of the theory of a microcosm. The scientific community of the world has not paid attention to necessity of search of the reason of a constancy of a constant of Planck. This was promoted by its name &mdash; quantum of the least action which did not contain sense of its dimension &mdash; the kinetic moment, or moment of a pulse as it name physics. In result about 100 years there was closed a direction of researches of behavior of inhabitants of the microcosm, controlled by the law of preservation of the kinetic moment.

==Overview==

Philipp M. Kanarev, of the Kuban State Agrarian University in Krasnodar, wrote this paper (its full title is "Laws of Classical Mechanics, the Base of the Theory of the Microcosm") as a compressed statement of the programme set out at length in his two-volume ''Foundations of Physchemistry of Micro World''. Its single organising claim is that Planck's constant is not a mysterious quantum of least action but an ordinary mechanical angular momentum &mdash; what Kanarev calls the "kinetic moment" &mdash; and that its constancy is simply the conservation of angular momentum operating at atomic scale. He writes it throughout as ''h'' = ''mr''<sup>2</sup>''ω'' = const, and introduces it with the standard figure-skater illustration: arms drawn in reduces ''mr''<sup>2</sup>, so ''ω'' rises.

From that premise Kanarev builds outward with remarkable reach. The paper offers toroidal models of the [[Photon|photon]], [[Electron|electron]], [[Proton|proton]] and [[Neutron|neutron]]; structures for hydrogen, water, graphite and diamond; a capture origin for the planets of the Solar System; and an account of biological chirality, gyroscope weight loss and the effect of music on water. The departure from the mainstream is total rather than partial. Kanarev opens by listing what his "Axiom of Unity" &mdash; the independence and unity of space, matter and time, held to be obvious and to require no experimental check &mdash; has already consigned to history: [[Maxwell's Equations|Maxwell's equations]], Lobachevskian and Minkowskian geometry, [[Special Relativity|special]] and general relativity, orbital electron motion, Schrödinger's equation, the Lorentz transformations ("main theoretical a virus of XX century"), all theories of atomic nuclei, most of modern electrodynamics, and the first law of thermodynamics.

==The argument==

===Planck's constant as an angular momentum===

Written as ''h'' = ''mr''<sup>2</sup>''ν'' = const, with units kg m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>&minus;1</sup>, Planck's constant is expanded as ''h'' = ''m''·''vr'' = (''m''''r'')&times;(''rν'') = ''k''<sub>0</sub>·''C'', which Kanarev says contains two constants: the speed of light ''C'' = ''rν'', and a "constant of localization" ''k''<sub>0</sub> = ''m''''r'' = ''h''/''C'' = 2.210254&times;10<sup>&minus;42</sup> kg m, held to be uniform across photons, electrons, protons and neutrons. Three laws are then said to govern the constancy of ''h'': conservation of the kinetic moment, which makes ''h'' a vector and identifies it with [[Spin|spin]]; the law of localization, that mass times wavelength is constant; and the constancy of the speed of photons of all frequencies.

===The photon and the electron===

The photon is modelled as six ring magnetic fields closed on one another, existing only in motion at ''C'', with radius equal to wavelength. Its centre of mass traces a short cycloid, ''x'' = ''C''''t'' + 0.067''r'' sin 6''ω''<sub>0</sub>''t'', ''y'' = 0.067''r'' cos 6''ω''<sub>0</sub>''t'', with oscillation amplitude 0.067''r''; differentiating gives a speed independent of radius and equal to ''C''. Applying ''k''<sub>0</sub> to the electron mass gives ''r''<sub>e</sub> = ''k''<sub>0</sub>/''m''<sub>e</sub> = 2.426&times;10<sup>&minus;12</sup> m, which Kanarev notes equals the measured Compton wavelength. The same figure follows from ''r'' = ''C''''h''/(4''πµ''<sub>B</sub>''H''<sub>e</sub>). The electron is a hollow torus whose rotational kinetic energy about the central axis and potential energy about the ring axis are each 2.556&times;10<sup>5</sup> eV, summing to the 5.110&times;10<sup>5</sup> eV of ''m''<sub>e</sub>''C''<sup>2</sup>. He then observes that 2''π''''r''<sub>e</sub>'/''r''<sub>e</sub> = 0.0073 = ''α'', the [[Fine Structure Constant|fine structure constant]]. The proton is a solid rather than hollow torus of radius 1.32&times;10<sup>&minus;15</sup> m, with magnetic forces between protons and neutrons serving as the nuclear force; the neutron carries six magnetic poles, which Kanarev credits with explaining why graphite and diamond differ.

===Molecules and water===

Electrons bond to protons "not orbital, but linearly", with binding energy ''E''<sub>b</sub> = ''E''<sub>1</sub>/''n''<sup>2</sup>, and spectra follow from ''hν'' = ''hν''<sub>f</sub> &minus; ''hν''<sub>i</sub>. The water molecule places two protons against ring electrons of oxygen; six such molecules join to make a hexagonal cluster, which grows into a snowflake. Kanarev then asserts that water irradiated with quiet classical music or with a prayerful voice forms symmetric six-beam structures, and that jazz music and mobile-phone signals destroy them by exciting photons of chaotically varying energy &mdash; "weighty proof", he writes, of harm to human health.

===Origin of the planets===

The Solar System's planets, on this account, came from a passing star captured by the Sun's gravitational field, whose mass equalled the total mass of the present planets and satellites, 2.68635&times;10<sup>27</sup> kg, and whose kinetic moment equalled their summed kinetic moments, 3.14096&times;10<sup>43</sup>. Setting ''K'' = ''MR''<sup>2</sup>''ω'' at Mercury's orbit gives an initial angular speed of 3.49&times;10<sup>&minus;6</sup> s<sup>&minus;1</sup>. Table 1 then computes, at each planetary orbit, the centrifugal force of inertia against the Sun's gravitational pull, and finds the former larger everywhere &mdash; 1.90&times;10<sup>27</sup> N against 1.06&times;10<sup>26</sup> N at Mercury, 7.83&times;10<sup>23</sup> against 5.83&times;10<sup>23</sup> at Jupiter &mdash; so that plasma was shed from the star at each radius.

===Chirality and gyroscopes===

Kanarev observes that the spin vectors of electrons and protons in hydrogen coincide in direction, and links this to the twist of DNA, of pine cone scales, and of sea shells, which he says are overwhelmingly left-handed. He reports Hideo Hayasaka's finding that a right-rotating gyroscope falls with smaller acceleration than a left-rotating one, and proposes a weak left rotational field at the Earth's surface from uncompensated kinetic-moment vectors of near-surface atoms, together with Baurov's "vector potential" cosmic rotational field.

==Assessment==

The paper's starting observation is correct and genuinely underused in teaching: Planck's constant does have the dimensions of angular momentum, J s = kg m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>&minus;1</sup>, and calling it a "quantum of action" does obscure that. Kanarev is right that ''m''''λ''<sub>C</sub> = ''h''/''c'' holds for every particle, and right that 2''π'' times the classical electron radius divided by the Compton wavelength is the fine structure constant. His capture scenario also engages a real problem: the Sun holds over 99% of the system's mass but only a few per cent of its angular momentum, and any formation model must explain that. And the writing, for all its difficulty, is aimed at being understood by non-specialists.

The central inference nevertheless equivocates on the word "constant". Conservation of angular momentum says that ''mr''<sup>2</sup>''ω'' is unchanging ''for a given isolated system''; it says nothing about that product taking the ''same universal value'' in every system. The figure skater conserves her angular momentum, but its magnitude is of order 1 kg m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>&minus;1</sup>, not 6.626&times;10<sup>&minus;34</sup>. Explaining why ''h'' has one particular universal value &mdash; the question Kanarev says nobody has asked &mdash; is precisely what conservation cannot do. The subsidiary "discoveries" are likewise definitions rather than results: ''k''<sub>0</sub> = ''h''/''C'' is constant because ''h'' and ''C'' are, and ''m''''λ''<sub>C</sub> = ''h''/''c'' is the definition of the Compton wavelength, so its holding "uniformly for all elementary particles" is not evidence for anything. The ''α'' identity is a relation among three quantities two of which are defined in terms of ''α'', and gives no support to a torus.

Where the models make contact with measurement they conflict with it. The proton radius of 1.32&times;10<sup>&minus;15</sup> m is the proton Compton wavelength, not a size; the measured charge radius from electron-proton elastic scattering and from muonic hydrogen spectroscopy is 0.84&ndash;0.88&times;10<sup>&minus;15</sup> m, smaller by a third. Attributing the graphite-diamond difference to neutron structure conflicts with the fact that both allotropes are built from identical carbon nuclides and differ only in bonding geometry, sp<sup>2</sup> sheets against an sp<sup>3</sup> lattice, as X-ray crystallography established in the 1920s. B-form DNA is right-handed, not left, and gastropod shells are overwhelmingly dextral rather than sinistral &mdash; both directly opposite to what the paper states. The Hayasaka and Takeuchi gyroscope result of 1989 is a real published claim, but it was tested at higher precision within a year by Faller and colleagues, by Quinn and Picard at the BIPM, and by Nitschke and Wilmarth at Los Alamos, all with null results; the paper cites the original without the replications.

Table 1 also undermines its own scenario. The whole angular momentum of the present planetary system is assigned to a single body placed at each orbital radius in turn, which necessarily gives that body a velocity far above the local circular speed &mdash; at Mercury's orbit, about 202 km s<sup>&minus;1</sup> against Mercury's actual 47.9. The centrifugal force then exceeds gravity by a factor of eighteen. But an object for which centrifugal force exceeds gravity is unbound; it cannot be, as the paper's own text requires, a star "grasped by" the Sun's gravitational field and moving "on an orbit". The calculation therefore describes a hyperbolic flyby, from which shed plasma would leave on unbound trajectories rather than settling into the near-circular, low-inclination, coplanar orbits actually observed. The near-equality Kanarev finds at Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune, where the two forces differ by around a third, is an artifact of the total angular momentum being dominated by those same outer planets.

The water section departs from evidence entirely. No measurement is cited for the claim that classical music or prayer forms hexagonal clusters while jazz and mobile telephones destroy them; the underlying photographs come from an unblinded selection procedure, and the one double-blind attempt to test the effect reported no reliable result. More fundamentally, femtosecond infrared and NMR studies place the lifetime of a hydrogen bond in liquid water at about one picosecond, so there is no persistent cluster available to be organised by sound. Presenting this as "weighty proof" of harm from mobile phones is the paper's least defensible passage.

Finally, the method itself forecloses correction. An axiom declared to require no experimental check, used to discard Maxwell's equations, the Lorentz transformations and the first law of thermodynamics in a single paragraph, leaves nothing by which the framework could be found wrong &mdash; and Kanarev continues to draw magnetic field lines around current-carrying wires, which is a Maxwell result, throughout the paper he uses to reject them. Readers should also be warned that this PDF extracts badly: spaces render as commas and hyphens as the digit 2, so quoted numerals should be checked against the original.

==See also==

* [[Philipp M Kanarev]]
* [[Planck Constant]]
* [[Spin]]
* [[Toroidal Ring]]
* [[Electron]]
* [[Proton]]
* [[Neutron]]
* [[Photon]]
* [[Fine Structure Constant]]
* [[Aether]]

[[Category:Scientific Paper|laws classical mechanics]]

[[Category:Quantum Theory|laws classical mechanics]]
[[Category:Atomic Structure|laws classical mechanics]]
[[Category:Toroidal Ring|laws classical mechanics]]
[[Category:Particle Physics|laws classical mechanics]]