View source for Introduction of Ether Space-Time & Cosmology Volume 3

{{Infobox paper
| title = Introduction of Ether Space-Time & Cosmology Volume 3
| url = [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_6612.doc Link to paper]
| author = [[Joseph Levy]]
| keywords = space-time, Cosmology, Ether, speed of light, cosmological constant
| published = 2009
| volume = 3
| num_pages = 463
| pages = 3 to 5
}}

'''Read the full paper''' [http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_6612.doc here]

==Abstract==

<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">This third volume of Ether Space-Time &amp; Cosmology,  like the preceding ones, presents works by physicists recognized for their  creativity and experience. The subjects covered by them deal with various  aspects of the aether concept and its relationship with different fields of  fundamental physics, such as quantum theory, dark energy and dark matter, and  critical study of the basic assumptions of relativity, among others. This  latter study, which was initiated and partly discussed in the first volumes, is  of the utmost importance for the development of physics. It is necessary to set  the record straight about this point, over which there is still no consensus  among physicists.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">The  rejection of the aether by Einstein in 1905 has had a tremendous influence on  the teaching and research in physics from the beginning of the century to the  present time. The fact that Einstein reversed his position in 1916 has been  almost completely ignored by the physics community. Yet numerous quotations  from Einstein show no reservations about his new conviction, for example: <o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; According to the general theory of  relativity, space without ether is unthinkable.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">&nbsp;</span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">There  is no doubt that the existence of physical variables, such as permeability and  permittivity, would not have any rational explanation if the vacuum was  deprived of aether. This is also the case for physical processes such as the  Casimir effect and the ability to transmit electromagnetic waves. It is commonly  admitted today that the vacuum contains a large amount of energy; how could  this be possible without the existence of a medium supporting this energy? This  simple fact makes it incomprehensible the denial of the aether by a significant  part of the physics community, an entirely ambiguous attitude, since, although  the properties assigned to the vacuum require a substratum, this substratum is  negated, such that the role and the investigations it deserves are not granted  to it. Ignorance of this physical reality, which pervades the entire universe,  can only have serious consequences for the development of science. It certainly  explains a large part of the difficulties encountered by physics in recent  decades, despite its successes. <o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">There  are numerous unresolved problems in contemporary physics. The failure to  recognize the role of the aether is ignoring a key parameter involved in  physical interactions and is source of error. It is comparable to ignoring the  action of a magnetic field on iron. Its influence may be relatively weak on ''certain'' processes occurring at low  absolute speeds where the gamma factor is near unity, but it becomes  substantial as speeds reach a significant fraction of the speed of light. <o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">Several  experimental and theoretical studies, today, lend support to the existence of a  preferred aether frame. In this case, there is no doubt that many physical laws  will be revised once the aether is officially recognized, because, due to the  fact that meter sticks contract and clocks do not tick at the same rate as a  function of their absolute speed, the information they provide varies and they  do not allow a reliable assessment of physical data, a fact to be considered  especially for processes occurring at high absolute velocities.<o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">Among  the many unsolved problems, modern physics is faced with enigmas that  conventional theories cannot explain and which bring their contradictions into  relief. <o:p></o:p></span>

<span class="longtext1"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; ">Although quantum theory does not officially  recognize the ether and therefore does not provide a thorough analysis of all  its aspects, it nevertheless deduces from its equations, that the vacuum should  contain an enormous amount of energy per cm^3</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">&nbsp;<span class="longtext1"><span style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; ">a fact which is untenable and  inconsistent with </span></span><span class="longtext1">general relativity. <span style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; ">No satisfactory way to make these two theories mutually compatible has  been found.</span></span><o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">The  big bang theory faces a number of unresolved difficulties. Explanations for the  dark energy, the physical entity which seems to accelerate the expansion of the  universe by its antigravitational effect, have given rise to various theories;  most have recourse to the old but revived ad hoc hypothesis known as  cosmological constant, whose meaning is not elucidated. Moreover, all attempts  made to relate dark energy to the energy of the vacuum have failed, because the  calculations based on quantum field theory attribute to this energy a value  incommensurable with any value that might explain the accelerating expansion (10^120&nbsp;times greater). And even though it has eminent defenders, no  explanation of dark mass has been accepted by all as yet. <o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">We  do not know with any certainty today what dark matter consists of, and we have  even less idea what dark energy is. Their very existence is disputed by several  authors.<o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">Although  their common goal was to unify relativity and quantum theory, string theories  differ in the number of dimensions they attribute to space-time, which, in any  case, is much higher than the number 4 assumed by relativity. In one of them,  the number is 26 dimensions, an assumption that is difficult to justify without  any experimental basis to support it. <o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">String  theory and superstring theory cannot be made compatible with a positive  cosmological constant and the accelerated expansion of the universe without  extreme complications. These theories are challenged today by loop quantum  theory, which assumes a quantified space-time in contrast to the space-time  continuum of general relativity<o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">The  ?Ether space-time and cosmology? program is intended to seek solutions, based  mainly on aether theory, to solve the difficulties encountered by physics  today. Contrary to what is often believed, this project is not in disagreement  with the ideas of eminent founders of modern physics, such as Dirac or <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Bell</st1:city></st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">Of  course the nature of the aether is difficult to describe, and today there are a  number of hypotheses about its composition and properties; but we are convinced  that research into the aether will be one of the main objectives of 21<sup>st</sup>century physics, which will enable us to solve a number of paradoxes that now  obstruct its progress. Actually some have already been resolved. <o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">I  wish to express my gratitude to Michael Duffy for the decisive role he has  played in promoting the development of new theories to address the problems  facing modern physics.<o:p></o:p></span>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Joseph  Levy<o:p></o:p></span>

<div>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; ">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span>   </div>

[[Category:Scientific Paper|introduction ether space-time cosmology volume]]

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