View source for Gauge Invariance in Classical Electrodynamics

{{Infobox paper
| title = Gauge Invariance in Classical Electrodynamics
| url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20061122024539/http://www.ensmp.fr/aflb/AFLB-302/aflb302m355.pdf Link to paper (Internet Archive)]
| author = [[Wolfgang Engelhardt]]
| keywords = classical electrodynamics, invariance, electromagnetic field, Maxwell's Equations
| published = 2005
| journal = [[Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie]]
| volume = 30
| number = 2
| pages = 157-178
}}

'''Read the full paper''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20061122024539/http://www.ensmp.fr/aflb/AFLB-302/aflb302m355.pdf here] ''(archived copy — the original link is no longer available)''

==Abstract==

The concept of gauge invariance in classical electrodynamics assumes tacitly that Maxwell's equations have unique solutions. By calculating the electromagnetic field of a moving particle both in Lorenz and in Coulomb gauge and directly from the field equations we obtain, however, contradicting solutions. We conclude that the tacit assumption of uniqueness is not justified. The reason for this failure is traced back to the inhomogeneous wave equations which connect the propagating fields and their sources at the same time.

[[Category:Scientific Paper|gauge invariance classical electrodynamics]]

[[Category:Electrodynamics|gauge invariance classical electrodynamics]]