View source for Earth Expansion Major Objections Solved

{{Infobox paper
| title = Earth Expansion Major Objections Solved
| author = [[David de Hilster]]
| published = 2016
| keywords = [[Expansion Tectonics|expansion tectonics]], mass increase, subduction, [[Particle Model|particle model]]
| num_pages = 3
}}

==Abstract==

The two main objections to Expansion Tectonics by those in the scientific community are lack of a mechanism for expansion and mass increase, and the presence of subduction. This paper will show that these are now solved.

==Introduction==

In this author's mind, the evidence for an expanding and growing earth is overwhelming. The most compelling evidence being that when the seafloor bed (see the crustal age map below) is removed by youngest to oldest, all the continents on the earth fit together with almost no modification (see the four views of the smaller globe below). The chances of that happening are described by [[Stephen W Hurrell|Stephen Hurrell]], author of ''Dinosaurs and the Expanding Earth'':<ref>Stephen Hurrell, ''Dinosaurs and the Expanding Earth'', Third Edition, 2011.</ref>

<blockquote>
My original estimate for the Expanding Earth forming by chance alone was massively conservative. It isn't less than one chance in a million, or billion, or even a trillion. It's less than one chance in an octillion: a number so large I needed to look up its name. Now consider that the real Earth has multiple coastlines which all need to fit together. The probability of this happening by chance is so small it is virtually impossible.<ref>Stephen Hurrell, "Probability Analysis: Expanding Earth Theory is True", http://www.dinox.org/propee.html , 2013.</ref>
</blockquote>

[[File:CrustalAgeMap_CNPS2016.jpg|thumb|400px|center|The map that changed everything: the NOSC mapping of seafloor bed ages in bands of 10s of millions of years. ''(Figure recovered from the CNPS 2016 Proceedings; the originally uploaded file is missing from the wiki.)'']]

[[File:DaviddeHilster SmallerOrbSides.jpg|thumb|400px|center|Four sides of the earth as shown once all the seafloor bed has been removed. You can see that the continents fit together in recognizable shapes without a lot of modification.]]

==Subduction==

One of the arguments we hear about why expansion tectonics is not the correct theory is that there is proof of subduction, and if the earth has been expanding, there could be no subduction. Subduction is where one tectonic plate goes underneath another plate. Plate tectonics states that the radius of the earth stays the same, and that there is a conveyor belt that creates and destroys the seabed, as seen in the figure below.

[[File:Subduction.jpg|thumb|300px|Subduction is where tectonic plates dive underneath another plate.]]

In the "excitement" of a new wave of supporters who are discovering expansion tectonics, many proponents of expansion tectonics wrongfully claim that subduction does not exist. It in fact does exist. The confirmed subduction areas on the globe are shown below.

[[File:KnownSubductionZones.jpg|thumb|300px|The known subduction zones are not enough to keep the earth at a constant radius. This is a problem for mainstream plate tectonics.<ref>[[Samuel Warren Carey]], ''The Expanding Earth'', Elsevier, 1976.</ref>]]

Expansion tectonics has some places where subduction will occur, although not like plate tectonics would describe. The earth is not equally expanding. In fact, the bottom of the earth is expanding much more than the top, thus the reason for more land in the northern hemisphere than the southern.

[[File:Northern Hemisphere LamAz.png|thumb|300px|Northern hemisphere above the equator.]]

[[File:Southern Hemisphere LamAz.png|thumb|300px|Southern hemisphere below the equator.]]

In the figure below, you can see where the earth is expanding, starting on the west coast of Canada and the United States and working its way down the west coast of the Americas. The arrows represent the extent of the expansion, with white arrows being non-subducted expansion and red arrows being subducted expansion. You can see that the expansion in North America to the east is going to have to subduct.

[[File:DaviddeHilster SubductionFromExpansion.jpg|thumb|600px|center|The arrows represent expansion, with the red arrows representing where subduction should be occurring. This is only two of many examples.]]

Without exhaustively looking at all the scenarios, it is easy to see that earth's expansion is not uniform and subduction not only can be a part of the expansion model, it can help predict those subductions perhaps even better than the plate tectonics model.

==Mechanisms for Expansion==

It is important to remember that although the term "Expansion Tectonics" in words only describes "size", the phrase itself is meant to include mass increase. Dr. [[James Maxlow]], considered by many as the top expansion geologist in the world, coined the phrase but also includes mass increase as a part of that term as well. Maxlow has found geological evidence of mass increase. This is very important. It is not simply expansion.

There have been many mechanisms that have been proposed for expansion, including prime matter particles.

===New Solution to Mass Increase===

The author of this paper and his father have come up with a solution to how mass increase happens.<ref>[[Robert de Hilster]] and [[David de Hilster]], ''[[Universe Hack 3.0]] &mdash; A Particle Model of the Entire Universe'', The John Chappell Natural Philosophy Society, 2016.</ref> The [[Particle Model]] of the Universe describes the universe as particles, and the G1 or gravitron particle level 1 being the particle for light, gravity, the electron cloud, and electricity. Atomic structure is made up of nucleons (protons and neutrons), and G1 particles that are smaller and more numerous than the electron. Electrons don't exist in this model. Magnetic fields and charge are actually the results of clouds of moving G1 particles.

Mass increase happens when suns blow atoms apart and spew G1 particles and nucleons in all directions. The magnetic field of the earth are G1 particles that are circulating around the earth through the poles, which then capture other G1 particles and nucleons that recreate atoms inside the earth.

[[File:MassIncrease.jpg|thumb|600px|center|Atoms are blown apart in the sun and all suns into G1 particles and nucleons, which are reconstructed inside the earth.]]

==Conclusion==

The two major objections to expansion tectonics are the presence of known subduction and no mechanism for mass increase of the expansion. Given the fact that the earth does not expand uniformly, and with the new Particle Model of the universe able to explain mass increase, both of those objections have been answered.

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==

* [[Expansion Tectonics]] &mdash; the theory this paper defends
* [[Samuel Warren Carey]] &mdash; who established the modern case for an expanding earth
* [[James Maxlow]], [[Stephen W Hurrell]] &mdash; cited here
* [[Particle Model]] and [[The Four Universal Motions in Physics]] &mdash; the framework supplying the proposed mass-increase mechanism
* [[Robert de Hilster]]

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